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- W1489361734 abstract "The use of adjuvants is critical for the development of successful subunit vaccines because most peptide antigens are either non-immunogenic or weakly immunogenic. Adjuvants provide a mechanism for antigen persistence at the injection site and enhance the immune response to immunogens by prolonging their release and time of interaction with antigen presenting cells (APC). Cytokines have significant potential as adjuvants, because most adjuvants function by inducing the production of cytokines from cells of the immune system. Cytokines—such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ—have been used as adjuvants. Liposomes can be used for their depot effect to release antigens and other incorporated adjuvants, to increase antigen uptake by targeting antigens, and to generate strong immune responses. The identification of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) as the prototypic costimulatory molecules has led to new strategies for immunotherapy and vaccination. T-cell activation requires signals from the antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) and the antigen-independent CD28 receptor. T-cell activation leads to the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and effector T-cell functions. The manipulation of the TCR-costimulatory receptor network offers therapeutic opportunities for the control of hyper-responsiveness, such as autoimmune diseases and for the control of hyporesponsiveness as exhibited by a poor response to subunit vaccine antigens and tumor antigens." @default.
- W1489361734 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1489361734 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W1489361734 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W1489361734 title "Liposomal Cytokines and Liposomes Targeted to Costimulatory Molecules as Adjuvants for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subunit Vaccines" @default.
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- W1489361734 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(03)73006-7" @default.
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