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- W1489600706 abstract "Ceramics based on barium titanate (BaTiO3) with modified electrical properties have been obtained by substitution of isovalent cations both in barium and titanium sites. Barium zirconium titanate solid solution has been widely researched owing to the diffusion phase transition characteristics caused by the substitution of Ti4+ for Zr4+. It is well known that with increasing Zr4+ content the three transition points and the three corresponding er maxima move closer together and finally coalesce into a single broad maximum (Nejman,1988; Hcnnings & Sehnell, 1982) . Undoped barium zirconium titanate ceramics, however, usually need a very high sintering temperature above 1400°C because of the slow diffusion velocity. Little amount of additives such as ZnO, CuO, and SiO2 could greatly lower the sintering temperature by 100-300°C but cause the degradation of the dielectric properties at the same time owing to the deposition of vitreous phase along grain boundaries (Amador et al. 1998). It is well known that BaTiO3 is cubic above 120-135 °C and belongs to the space group Pm3m (Oh1). At temperatures below 120 °C it is ferroelectric with P4mm (C4v1) structure, which further transforms to orthorhombic and rhombohedral structures at 5°C and -90 °C, respectively (Scott, 1974). The Curie temperature and the dielectric permittivity of barium titanate (BaTiO3) can be adjusted in a large range in the BaTiO3-SrTiO3 solid solution (Miura et al., 1975; Bornstein, 1981). Studies on the solid solution BaTiO3-BaZrO3 have shown some interesting characteristics in bulk materials (Ravez& Simon, 2000; Dobal et al., 2001). For example, in the Ba[Ti(1-x)Zrx]O3 composition with x in the range 0.26 < x < 0.42, the temperature dependence of the real part of the dielectric permittivity at the transition temperature is broad and frequency dependent (Ravez& Simon, 1999). The effect of doping on various physical and chemical properties of BZT is known, and this effect has been extensively exploited in piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics to improve their performance. Many aliovalent compositional alterations to BZT have been studied either with higher valence substitutions (donors), or with lower" @default.
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- W1489600706 date "2011-09-06" @default.
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- W1489600706 title "Influence of Dopants, Temperature and Atmosphere of Sintered on the Microstructure and Behavior of Lead Free Ceramics" @default.
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- W1489600706 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/19543" @default.
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