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• W1489755001 abstract "Background Gender differences in health care utilization in older Americans may be confounded by home residence. Medicare data contain several files that can be used to create a measure of home residence, but prior work has not addressed which best account for potential confounding. Simpson's paradox occurs when aggregated data support a different conclusion from what the disaggregated data show. We describe such a paradox that appeared when we sharpened our definition of nursing home residence while examining gender differences in Medicare utilization at the end of life. Methods To understand gender-specific health care utilization at the end of life, we conducted a retrospective analysis of a national random sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 or older who died in 2001 with Parts A and B data for 18 months before death. We sought to associate each of total hospital days and costs during the final 6 months of life with numbers of primary care physician visits in the 12 preceding months. In addition to demographics, comorbidities, and geography, nursing home residence was a potential confounder, which we imputed in two ways: 1) from skilled facility bills in the Part A Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) file; and 2) from Berenson-Eggers-Type-of-Service codes indicating widely spaced doctor visits in homes obtained from Medicare's carrier file. Conclusion Gender differences in Medicare utilization are strongly confounded by home resident status, which can be imputed well from Medicare's carrier file, but not MedPAR." @default.
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• W1489755001 date "2010-03-01" @default.
• W1489755001 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W1489755001 title "Nursing Home Residence Confounds Gender Differences in Medicare Utilization" @default.
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• W1489755001 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2009.11.016" @default.
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