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- W148979587 abstract "Septic shock is the most severe manifestation of infection and appears to be increasingly common, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Its incidence is difficult to determine exactly, however, because of the many different definitions of sepsis and its associated complications and because of the varying incidences reported for the different populations studied. The following features are commonly seen as defining sepsis: — Fever (temperature > 38 °C) or sometimes hypothermia (temperature <36 °C) — Tachycardia (>90 bpm) — Respiratory alkalosis (PaCO2 < 35 mmHg), tachypnea (>20 breaths per minute) — Low systemic vascular resistance, increased cardiac output — Hyperleukocytosis (>12 000 cells/mm3, with “left shift”) or sometimes leukopenia (< 4000 cells/mm3) — Isolated thrombocytopenia or disseminated intravascular coagulation — Increased oxygen consumption, elevated cellular metabolism — Increased insulin requirements — Signs of inflammation: increased sedimentation rate, elevated C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels — Elevated cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) -1, -6, -8 etc.] — Ophthalmic and/or cutaneous manifestations — Renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mental obtundation, and other organ dysfunction As in other forms of acute circulatory failure, septic shock is best described as an imbalance between oxygen demand and oxygen delivery (Fig. 1). A complex mediator network has been implicated in the three major alterations characterizing septic shock: impaired oxygen extraction, increased oxygen needs, and altered myocardial contractility. These abnormalities are described in greater detail below. Other factors than infection may augment the mediator response, such as pain, anxiety, tissue trauma, and severe heart failure (Marchant et al. 1995)." @default.
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- W148979587 title "Definition and Pathogenesis of Septic Shock" @default.
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- W148979587 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80186-0_1" @default.
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