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• W1493837661 abstract "COLLECTIVE EFFECTS ANALYSIS FOR THE BERKELEY FEMTOSOURCE * J. Corlett, S. De Santis, A. Wolski, A. Zholents LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Abstract We present an overview of the collective effects in a proposed ultrafast x-ray facility, based on a recirculating linac. The facility requires a small vertical ewmittance of 0.4 mm-mrad and is designed to operate with a “flat bunch” with a large aspect ratio of emettances. Emittance control from the electron source at the RF photocatode to the photon production chain of undulators, and understanding and the mitigation of collective effects is critical to a successful machine operation. Key aspects of accelerator physics involved in beam break-up, coherent synchrotron radiation, resistive wall impedance and other effects have been addressed and reported here. presented in [2]. However, a more complete investigation including the nominal bunch distribution and tracking through the arcs requires a tracking code. For the present studies, we have used MERLIN [3], which allows the simulation of all the required effects. We also present some estimates of the long-range wake fields influence on the emittance growth. Short-range wake fields The present design of the linac uses the TESLA 9 cell, 1.3 GHz superconducting cavities for an analytical expression for the wake fields is reported in [4] while the lattice design used for the arc tracking can be found in [5]. For an exhaustive report of the technical details of the tracking see [6]. To verify the wake field model in MERLIN, we first tracked a bunch with nominal 2 ps bunch length, and (effectively) zero transverse emittance through four passes of the linac. In this case, the bunch was injected so as to have a fixed vertical offset in each cavity, and the bunch was taken straight from the end of the linac on each pass and re-injected at the start of the linac: i.e. we modeled the effects of perfectly achromatic arcs with integer betatron phase advances. INTRODUCTION The proposed Berkeley Femtosecond X-Ray Facility [1] (LUX) is based on a 750 MeV superconducting recirculated linac. It accelerates up to 3.1 GeV a flat electron beam, which is subsequently used to generate ultra-short X-ray pulses. It is vital to preserve a small vertical emittance throughout the machine since the synchrotron light is produced after the bunch has been rotated by an RF crab cavity. In this paper we investigate the threee main mechanisms that can lead to a degradation of machine performance by i emittance or energy spread increase: wakefields in the main linac and the preinjector; resistive wall impedance in the vacuum chamber; and coherent synchrotron radiation. We also report on the strategies we plan using to overcome these problems. The calculations presented in this paper concern an earlier, lower energy version of the machine, using a 600 MeV linac. Calculations with the latest parameters are underway and the final results presented here are anyway relevant for the new design, since it is shown that the higher energy parts of the machine contribute much less to the emittance growth. Figure 1. Transverse deflection of a 2 ps zero-emittance bunch, through four consecutive passes at constant vertical offset through the linac. The results in Fig.1 can be compared with our analytical solution for the vertical displacement at the end of each linac pass: y (1) (z ) = y 0 + y 0 A 0 (z )  − ln  1 + γ i    γ i + y 0 L i ln  1+ γ i  where WAKE FIELDS The performance LUX depends on preservation of low vertical emittance through the linac and the arcs. The short-range transverse wake fields from the linac cavities are a potential source of vertical emittance growth, and the effects need to be carefully evaluated. The size of the transverse kick from the wake fields increases with increasing offset of the bunch from the axis of the cavity, so there are possible implications for the alignment of the cavities and orbit control. It is possible to arrive at a semi-analytical estimate of the effects of the wake fields of the linac, which was Work supported by the US DoE under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098" @default.
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• W1493837661 date "2003-05-01" @default.
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• W1493837661 title "Collective effects analysis for the Berkeley femtosource" @default.
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