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• W149617966 abstract "ABSTRACT: Current advances in developmental and neurobiological sciences are now being integrated into complex models of development of self, and therefore personality. The human growth spurt, which begins in last quarter of pregnancy and extends into second year, overlaps prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods. It also represents critical period for experience-dependent maturation of right hemisphere, which is dominant for processing socioemotional and bodily information, stress coping functions, and self-regulation. Interactively regulated psychobiological transactions between infant and primary caregiver, embedded in attachment relationship, are thus essential for optimal development of self-regulatory functions and organization of a personality with resilient coping functions. INTRODUCTION At this point in time, although the decade of brain has ended, it is clear that we are in midst of a remarkable period in which dramatic new technologies continue to concentrate their focus upon certain basic problems of human condition. Current imaging studies of adults are now beginning to shift focus from neurology, to psychiatry, and now to psychological studies of normal brain. This research is moving into study of individual differences and personality. At same time developmental neuroscience is beginning to explore origins of personality. I want to suggest that very recent findings in neuroscience, which integrate nicely with current attachment theory, dominant model of social-emotional development available to science, can offer us more powerful models of how events influencing development indelibly shape origin of personality, self. In a 1991 article in American Psychologist entitled An ethological approach to personality development, John Bowlby and Mary Main argued that attachment theory is fundamentally a theory of development of personality over life span. The Oxford dictionary defines self as A person's individuality or essence at a particular time or in a particular aspect; a person's nature, character, or physical constitution. For some time psychology and psychiatry have assumed that origins of personality trace back to childhood. Current developmental research not only strongly supports this notion, it deepens our understanding of mechanisms that underlie adaptive self functions. The question of why events of life have such an inordinate influence on literally everything that follows is one of fundamental problems of science. How do experiences, especially emotionally or affectively charged with other humans, induce and organize patterns of structural growth that result in expanding functional capacities of a developing individual? We now know that concept of early experiences connotes much more than an immature individual being a passive recipient of environmental stimulation. Rather, these events represent active transactions between infant and environment. The most important aspect of environment is social environment, relationship infant has with its caregivers. These socioemotional events are imprinted into biological structures that are maturing during growth spurt, and therefore have long enduring effects. The stupendous growth rate in first year is reflected in increase of weight from 400g at birth to over 1000g at 12 months. The human growth spurt, which begins in third trimester in utero and is at least 5/6 postnatal, continues to about 18 to 24 months of age. Notice that growth spurt overlaps prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal periods. It is now clear that during critical periods within growth spurt genetic specification of neuronal structure is not sufficient for an optimally functional nervous system-the environment also powerfully affects structure of brain. …" @default.
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• W149617966 date "2002-04-01" @default.
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• W149617966 title "The Neurobiology of Attachment and Early Personality Organization" @default.
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