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- W1496321262 abstract "Cartels are recognised by competition authorities around the world as being particularly damaging to the well-being of markets and economies, especially in developing countries and their conduct is held to be the most egregious of anti-competitive practices. The objective of this paper is to ascertain whether preventative and deterrent measures, primarily in the form of leniency policies and criminal sanctions, have been effective in the fight against cartels or whether criminal sanctions have undermined the advancements made by leniency policies. These issues will be examined by considering the success and failures of Korea, Brazil and South Africa, with particular attention being paid to the latter. It is theorised that whilst leniency policies are invaluable in detecting and deterring cartels, criminal sanctions are so to a lesser extent due to competition authorities lacking ability and as a result of resource constraints, as well as problems of overlapping jurisdiction with public prosecutors. It is concluded that were these issues to be ironed out in developing countries, leniency policies and criminal sanctions could be used together more effectively in the fight against cartels. 1 Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) ‘Fighting Hard Core Cartels: Harm, Effective Sanctions and leniency Programmes’ available at www.oecd.org accessed on 30 September 2012. Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn 6" @default.
- W1496321262 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1496321262 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W1496321262 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1496321262 title "The effect of leniency policies and criminal sanctions in the fight against cartels: an overview of developing countries" @default.
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