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• W1497006345 abstract "Walls of self-imposed isolation were finally shattered in the Republic of Albania in 1990, and the Albanian society was laid open to Western influences. The roles of Albanian women have thus significantly changed, responding to social, political and demographic transformations. The status of women has been made more vulnerable under the contradictory pressures of traditional, communist, and Western-style value systems. The new post-communist transitory period is having an impact on Albanian attitudes toward traditional marriages, living together or cohabitating before marriage, and the status of women in marriages and families. Are Albanians, especially women, happily married in post-communist Albania? What is women's status within marriage? Does the past still have an impact on the present? Is living together before marriage an option for Albanian women? This article will explore, analyze, and answer these questions. Introduction In contemporary Albania, the majority of the adult population, especially young women, considers marriage as their main focus in life. In fact, Albanians are socialized to have a high regard for matrimony and to consider the main function of marriage to be reproduction. In a good number of popular lullabies, Albanian mothers sing to their offspring, detailing the marriage ritual, the infants' future wedding celebration, or the future brides or bridegrooms they will be. The refrain of the following lullaby, in slightly different variants, circulated widely for centuries and is still in use in the south and north of Albania. Nina, nana djepi me dushk, T'marton nana me treqind krushq, Treqind krushq po m'duken pak.... (3) According to this popular lullaby, even the poorest Albanian women, those who could not afford a mattress for the baby's cradle but used oak leaves instead, dreamed of the marriage celebration of her son or daughter. The mother of this lullaby dreamed of inviting more than 300 guests to her son's or daughter's wedding, a size typical of Albanian weddings. According to Albanian traditional culture, which is still in existence in contemporary society, people pity as stricken by bad luck all--and especially female--individuals who can not marry due to health-related reasons. However, a completely different attitude is reserved for those individuals who neglect the marriage commitment for any other reason but health. Such persons are stigmatized by Albanian public opinion either as people who shy away from their main objective in life or as people with doubtful moral values who are simply socially evil. As Antonia Young states, Not to be married, not to have children in Albania was regarded as a catastrophe. (4) Under the pressure of this attitude, the major portion of the adult Albanian population marries or is forced into marriage. In the Republic of Albania, there does not exist any statistical information to verify the number of unmarried citizens. What predominates in Albanian public opinion is the mentality that urges young Albanians to marry, and, immediately following marriage, to have or start a family. However, a fatalistic view of marriage is popular among Albanians as well. Some people think that marriage is the most problematic crossroad one faces in life, which leads either to happiness or self-destruction. An old Albanian proverb, used with slight variations in all Albanian regions, perfectly illustrates the point: Marriage? If it is an eel you eat it, if it is a snake, better watch out, it will swallow you up. (5) What is the main focus of Albanian marriage? According to both traditional and contemporary society, it is reproduction, especially of male heirs, and the regeneration of life. This is how the Canon of Skenderbeg refers to marriage and its main focus: Marriage is the eternal union between husband and wife, to have children, to bring them up, and help one another in life. …" @default.
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• W1497006345 date "2003-06-22" @default.
• W1497006345 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1497006345 title "ALBANIANS' FIRST POST-COMMUNIST DECADE. VALUES IN TRANSITION: TRADITIONAL OR LIBERAL?" @default.
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