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- W1497363728 abstract "Since totally wettable hydrophilic polymer surfaces from hydrophobic polymers (PMMA, PTFE, PET and PC) have been demonstrated for the first time at Materials Research Society meeting, 1995 Fall meeting, Boston, the application of ion assisted reaction (IAR), in which energetic ions (0.5~1.5 keV) are irradiated on materials with blowing reactive gases near the irradiating surfaces, has been extended to various polymer, ceramic and metal for creating permanent hydrophilic surfaces. The surface energy was measured by Youngs equation and the highest energy, Es, of 60~70 mN/m, which is similar to surface energy of water (Es of H2O : 72 mN/m) is obtained by controlling ion dose, energy, and amount of blown gas. The higher surface energy of materials possesses the more wettable surface, and relation between wettability and adhesion has been discussed. The remarkable result is the strong adhesion of inert nonattachable material such as Pt on the modified surface. The improvements of adhesions, wettability and surface energy are mainly due to polar force and hydrophilic functional groups such as C=O, (C=O)-O, C-O, etc. on the modified surface without surface damage by surface analyses. Advantages of the method are (1) high reproducibility, (2) simplicity, (3) changing ability of wettability degree, and (4) easy connection to conventional semiconductor process line. Improvements of efficiencies by changing heat transfer coefficients have been presented for the compact heat exchanger system. INTRODUCTION Polymer is the most widely used material in many applications including electronics, bio-medical, displays, sensors, and so on. In general, the surface characteristics of most polymers are hydrophobic. Such hydrophobic characteristic of polymer surface gives many limitations to attempts to extend the application field of polymer and improve the property such as adhesion. Hydrophobic polymer surface gives rise to severe problems in applications especially requiring the wettable surface property and good adhesion between polymer and dissimilar materials. Therefore, up to date, many extensive studies have been performed to improve the wettability and the adhesion of metal/polymer and adhesive/polymer structure. There are major two approaches to enhance the wettability of polymer surface. Firstly, it is to create the functionality on polymer surface by using dry processes such as corona discharge, plasma discharge, and other techniques. The second method as wet process is to coat the surfactant with hydrophilic property on polymer surface. However, in above-mentioned methods, there are problems as followings; (1) surface damage such as severe bond scission, carbonization, cross-linking etc. in the case of first methods, and (2) degradation of hydrophilic property due to the solution of surfactant layer in water environment. Therefore, a damage free and permanent surface modification technique came to be required in order to overcome those disadvantages A new surface modification technique of ion assisted reaction (IAR) was developed for modifying the polymer surface into hydrophilic by Koh and his co-researchers in 1995. The process of IAR is that ion beam with energy of around kiloelectron volt is irradiated on the surface of polymer in a reactive gases environment, resulting in creating the hydrophilic functional groups on the polymer surface. The merits of IAR technique include (1) excellent hydrophilicity, (2) long term durability, (3) damage free treatment, (4) high reproducibility, (5) simple process, (6) improvement of adhesion between polymer and other material, and so on. As well as polymer, metal surface have been required to modify into hydrophilic characteristics in many applications such heat exchanger, coloring, composite material, etc. Optimum plasma zone (OPZ) technique for modifying the metal into hydrophilic was developed successfully by Koh and his colleagues. OPZ process is to use plasma of specific gases resulting in the formation hydrophilic layer on the metal surface. Layer created by OPZ has characteristics such as hydrophilicity, good adhesion to metal, and long term durability, etc. In this study, the results of improvements in hydrophilicity and surface energy of various polymers by IAR process are represented. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out to identify the formation of hydrophilic groups as a result of chemical reactions between modified polymer chains and oxygen gas. We report the durability of wettable polymer surface as well as adhesion improvements by IAR. Effects of hydrophilic layer by OPZ on the heat transfer efficiency were investigated. In addition, examples on industrialization of IAR and OPZ would be introduced. 1 Kim et al.: Permanent Hydrophilic Surface Formation Published by ECI Digital Archives, 2003" @default.
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- W1497363728 date "2003-01-01" @default.
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- W1497363728 title "Permanent Hydrophilic Surface Formation by Ion Assisted Reaction" @default.
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