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• W1497394086 abstract "WHY WOULD A LEADER in the Army or in any organization choose to micro-manage subordinates; show a lack of respect for them; choose not to listen to or value their input; or be rude, mean-spirited, and threatening? Most leaders would not. Most people do not choose to act like this. However, it is clearly happening in the uniformed services and in society as a whole. The Army recently released a study reporting that 80 percent of the officers and NCOs polled had observed toxic leaders in action and that 20 percent had worked for a toxic leader. This problem is not new. Within the past few years, the Army has relieved two brigade commanders and a general for alleged toxic-and arguably narcissistic and abusive-behavior. A division commander who served in Baghdad during Operation Iraqi Freedom was asked to retire following investigation of his leadership style and toxic command climate. Toxic leaders have been around for years and will continue to serve in all branches of our military.1 The Navy has recently relieved a number of commanders owing to toxic behavior and unhealthy command climates.2One can argue that most, if not all, toxic leaders suffer from being narcissistic. What is a narcissistic and toxic leader? These leaders are selfish and self-serving individuals who crush the morale of subordinates and units. In the best of circumstances, subordinates endure and survive toxic leaders- then the leader or the subordinate moves, changes units, or leaves the military. However, at worst, a toxic leader devastates the espirit de corps, discipline, initiative, drive, and willing service of subordinates and the units they comprise.NarcissismBecause narcissism is a critical and large part of the toxic leadership paradigm, the Army should begin to consider looking at it-its pros and cons- and developing methods to enhance its positive attributes and raise awareness of its negative ones. By definition, narcissistic leaders have an inflated sense of self-importance and extreme preoccupation with themselves.3 Their total focus, either consciously or unconsciously, is on themselves, their success, their career, and their ego. Everything is about them. They are the center of gravity for everyone around them and their unit. On the other hand, for leaders, especially in the military, there are aspects of narcissism that are appropriate (if controlled and self-regulated) and important for the leader's and unit's success.One study described them as gifted and creative strategists who see the big picture and find meaning in the risky challenge of changing the world and leaving behind a legacy. Productive narcissists are not only risk takers willing to get the job done but also charmers who can convert the masses with their rhetoric.4It is too simplistic to imply that all narcissistic behaviors are inevitably toxic. However, when narcissism becomes a disorder (like alcoholism, drug addiction, and depression), the results hurt morale and group effectiveness and can potentially lead to disaster. Signs of a leader being narcissistic to the detriment of a unit include-* Being a poor listener.* Being overly sensitive to criticism.* Taking advantage of others to achieve one's own goals.* Lacking empathy or disregarding the feelings of others.* Having excessive feelings of self-importance (arrogance).* Exaggerating achievements or talents.* Needing constant attention and admiration.* Reacting to criticism with rage, shame, or humiliation.* Being preoccupied with success or power.5As noted by Richard Wagner in Smart People Doing Dumb Things: The Case of Managerial Incompetence-Narcissistic individuals also tend to be egotistical, manipulative, self-seeking and exploitative. Narcissists do not accept suggestions from others. Doing so might make them appear weak, which conflicts with their need for self-enhancement. Some narcissists have such inflated self-confidence that they do not believe that others have anything useful to say to them. …" @default.
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• W1497394086 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W1497394086 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1497394086 title "Narcissism and Toxic Leaders" @default.
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