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• W1497995763 abstract "Localized corrosion frequently occurs near the inlet of copper alloy heat exchanger tubes in seawater. Localized corrosion occurs when protective corrosion-product film that forms on the surface of the copper alloy is broken away by shear stress and turbulence causing the underlying metal surface to come into direct contact with the corrosive liquid. This phenomenon is known by several different terms: erosion-corrosion, flow-induced localized corrosion, flow-accelerated corrosion, or flow assisted corrosion (FAC), etc. (Chexal et al., 1996; Murakami et al., 2003). Damage by erosion-corrosion largely depends on hydrodynamic conditions such as the flow velocity of a liquid. Thus, this type of corrosion is characterized by the “breakaway velocity” at which the surface protective film is destroyed as the flow velocity increases (Syrett, 1976). To predict the extent of damage to copper alloys under a flowing solution, it is imperative to elucidate the relationships between damage to the materials and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the corrosive solution. Erosion-corrosion of copper alloys often proceeds via a diffusion-controlled process, and the mass-transfer equation for an oxidizing agent over the surface of a material is generally adopted. To apply the mass transfer equation to erosion-corrosion damage, mass transfer in both the concentration boundary layer and in the corrosion-product film on the material need to be considered, because the corrosionproduct film that forms on the material confers a resistance to corrosion (Mahato et al., 1980; Matsumura et al., 1988). Flow velocity is generally used as the hydrodynamic parameter to predict erosion-corrosion damage, because it is quite simple. However, flow velocity is not sufficient to accurately predict damage, since erosion-corrosion frequently occurs in a turbulent region where the direction of flow changes, such as in a pipe bend, an elbow and or tee pipe fittings. Several papers have reported that the Sherwood number, a dimensionless number used in mass transfer operations, is useful as the mass transfer coefficient in the concentration boundary layer (Sydberger et al. 1982; Poulson, 1983, 1993, 1999; Wharton, 2004). Poulson reported that the Sherwood number in many flow conditions can be estimated through electrochemical measurements (Poulson, 1983). However, the Sherwood number also might inaccurately describe the condition of a corrosion-product film. Nesicet et al. conducted a numerical simulation of turbulent flow when a rust film was present, and found that fluctuations in turbulence affected both mass transfer through the boundary layer and the removal of the film (Nesic et al., 1991). A numerical simulation of pipe flow has also been used to investigate erosion-corrosion (Ferng et al., 2000; Keating et al., 2001; Postlethwaite et al., 1993; Wharton et al., 2004)." @default.
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• W1497995763 date "2011-02-21" @default.
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• W1497995763 title "Mass Transfer Equation and Hydrodynamic Effects in Erosion-Corrosion" @default.
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• W1497995763 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/13929" @default.
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