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• W1498288531 abstract "Mikania laevigata and M. glomerata, commonly known as guaco, are important medicinal plant species used in South America for the treatment of respiratory diseases. In folk medicine, their leaves have ample use due to their balsamic, antiophidic, appetite stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, and antimalarial properties, among others (Coimbra, 1942; Lucas, 1942; Neves & Sa, 1991; Alice et al., 1995; Gasparetto et al., 2010; Napimoga & Yatsuda, 2010). There is also pre-clinical evidence of the anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and bronchodilation activities of these species (Fierro et al., 1999; Moura et al., 2002; Suyenaga et al., 2002; Graca et al., 2007a). Due to their important effects, pharmaceutical preparations, including syrup and oral solutions, are freely distributed through various government phytotherapy programs and, thus, are widely used by the population (Gasparetto et al., 2010). The pharmacological effects of guaco are attributed mainly to the presence of coumarin (1,2benzopyrone); however, other metabolites have been shown to produce significant pharmacological effects. Studies that have evaluated isolated markers in the mouse model of allergic pneumonitis have demonstrated that coumarin and o-coumaric acid are part of the phytocomplex that is responsible for the therapeutic activities of guaco species (Santos et al., 2006). In addition, dihydrocoumarin and syringaldehyde have antioxidant, immunologic and anti-inflammatory properties (Farah & Samuelsson, 1992; Hoult & Paya, 1996; Bortolomeazzi et al., 2007; Stanikunaite et al., 2009; Gu & Xue, 2010). Finally, kaurenoic acid, isolated in high quantities from both species (Fierro et al., 1999; Veneziani et al., 1999; Yatsuda et al., 2005), has been shown to contribute to the effects of guaco through its antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and smooth muscle relaxant activities (Block et al., 1998; Costa-Lotufo et al., 2002; Wilkens et al., 2002; Cunha et al., 2003; Cotoras et al., 2004; Tirapelli et al., 2004; Cavalcanti et al., 2006). The presence of these metabolites is directly related to the benefits of guaco, but studies have shown them to be toxic. Dihydrocoumarin administered to groups of rodents led to carcinogenic activity, ulcers, forestomach inflammation, parathyroid gland hyperplasia and increased nephropathy (National Toxicology Program, 1993a). Kaurenoic acid has been shown to kill sea urchin embryos and to cause hemolysis in mouse and human erythrocytes" @default.
• W1498288531 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1498288531 date "2012-02-10" @default.
• W1498288531 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1498288531 title "Mikania glomerata and M. laevigata: Clinical and Toxicological Advances" @default.
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• W1498288531 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/31735" @default.
• W1498288531 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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