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- W1499152880 abstract "In this paper the current material consumption for packaging making in Europe is described. Per packaging type (food bottles, non-food bottles, boxes for primary packaging, flexible packaging, carrier bags, industrial boxes and pallets) options for improved material efficiency are described. The options are in the field of using thinner materials, using less material by changing the shape of the package, using recycled material and using refillable packages. This paper shows that many option are available to reduce the future material input for packaging and that a reduction of CO 2 emissions by this sector with a factor 2 is possible. A substantial share of this reduction can be achieved without any changes in consumer behavior. This paper describes possible material efficiency options by the packaging industry and the material processing industry that may lead to reduced CO 2 emissions in Europe. Material efficiency is defined in this paper as the amount of primary material that is needed to fulfill a specific function. Material efficiency improvement allows the same function to be fulfilled with less material. At several stages in the life cycle intervention is possible in order to increase the material efficiency over life cycle. Figure 1.1 shows these efficiency improvement measures and at which stages in the life cycle they intervene. The standard life-cycle is presented within the box. The efficiency improvement measures that can be applied are depicted outside the box. Even though in this paper we focus on efficiency improvement of packaging materials we need to take into account that packaging is needed for the protection and marketing of the packaged products. In many cases this paper states the technical possibilities but before actual implementation a good understanding of the purpose of packaging material is needed. Savings on packaging material may in some cases lead to less efficient product use which may even lead to greater consumption of energy per consumption unit than the original situation. However, arguments like these should not prevent that resources are used in the most efficient way possible. This paper investigates which packaging options are suitable to reach an efficiency improvement with a factor 2 in 2020 and also if a factor 10 is possible on the long run (2050)." @default.
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- W1499152880 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1499152880 title "Material efficiency improvement for European packaging in the period 2000 - 2020" @default.
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