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- W1499473217 abstract "Publisher Summary It is a widely held belief that a vaccine is the only cost-effective measure that will contain the AIDS epidemic. Currently available multiple-drug therapies are too expensive for most AIDS patients in the world and require regimens that are too difficult o follow. Increasing reports of drug-resistant variants and debilitating side effects of the drugs are creating serious doubts about the long-term success of these treatments. This chapter discusses the current understanding of biochemical, structural, and immunological properties of the viral envelope glycoprotein that are pertinent to vaccine development. Subsequently, a summary of various vaccine strategies, assessment of the past and recent progress on HIV-1 vaccine development, and some of the factors that must be considered in designing new vaccine candidates are discussed. The chapter describes the interactions between HIV-1 and the host immune system. HIV-1, as with other retroviruses, is subject to a high degree of genetic variation, because of the error-prone nature of the viral reverse transcriptase that lacks an editing function. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of all the viruses isolated worldwide, HIV-1 is divided into two groups, the major (IVl) and the outlier (O) groups. It is speculated that the combination of immune selection pressure and the ability of the regions to tolerate a great deal of amino acid changes, without significantly altering the functional capacity of the protein, are responsible for such a genetic variation. All of the strategies described in the chapter have been explored as potential AIDS vaccine candidates in a number of small laboratory animals, nonhuman primates, and even some in humans." @default.
- W1499473217 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1499473217 creator A5076445987 @default.
- W1499473217 date "2000-01-01" @default.
- W1499473217 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W1499473217 title "Assessment of HIV vaccine development: Past, present, and future" @default.
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