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• W1502255700 abstract "There is a growing need of highly efficient compact devices for a wide range of applications in several fields. Among the candidate materials, porous silicon (PSi) has attracted an increasing research interest, apart from its obvious potentially straightforward integration with standard Si technologies, thanks to its unique properties, and its present applications span from biomedicine (Anglin et al. 2008) to biosensing, from photonics (Huy et al. 2009) to photovoltaic devices (Xiong et al. 2010). After its discovery (Uhlir 1956), porous silicon hasn’t attracted much attention until the discovery of its room temperature luminescence properties (Canham 1990). However, the porous silicon-based photonics with all-silicon light-emitting devices never showed, to date, high enough efficiency for real applications. Nevertheless, many other applications have since been the object of much research, thanks to the many advantages of porous silicon: the flexibility of its formation process (Foll et al. 2002), the extensive tailoring of its structural properties (Lehmann et al. 2000), the very large specific surface (Halimaoui 1993) and also its biocompatibility, mandatory for both drug delivery devices and several biosensing applications (Low et al. 2009; Park et al. 2009). The deep knowledge of silicon chemistry is easily applicable to porous silicon (Buriak 2002; Salonen and Lehto 2008) and allows functionalization of the internal pore surface for the chemical bonding of the biological molecules of interest or for a better stabilization of the structure. The relevance for the field of PSi biosensors of a well controlled surface chemistry has been detailed by Lees and coworkers and by Kilian and coworkers (Lees et al. 2003; Kilian et al. 2009) and will be treated more deeply later in this article. The very large internal surface of porous silicon proved to be a great advantage since, like other porous materials, it allows the bonding of active molecules over a large surface in a small volume (e.g. a 20 μm thick PSi sample with a specific surface area of 500 m2/cm3 may offer 1 m2 of developed surface with only 1 cm2 of external surface), with a sensible increase of the efficiency of the devices. Moreover, the large internal surface is important when there is the need of dispersing the active molecules, as happened in the case of laser dye dispersed in a PSi matrix (Setzu et al. 1999). Differently from other materials, however, PSi may be easily prepared either in powder or wafer, depending on the specific application. This allows for the fabrication of devices that can be dispersed in a given medium or that can be reusable. Devices integrating PSi layers with specific enzymes or with molecules with" @default.
• W1502255700 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1502255700 date "2011-07-18" @default.
• W1502255700 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W1502255700 title "Porous Silicon-based Electrochemical Biosensors" @default.
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• W1502255700 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/17068" @default.
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