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• W1503195148 abstract "Corporate social and environmental responsibilities (CSR) are a significant concern throughoutthe tourism industry, but only sometimes under that name. Some mainstream hotel chains dorefer specifically to CSR. Some tourism companies operate social benefit programmes andfoundations, but without calling them CSR. There are community tourism enterprises wheresocial benefit is the main aim of the business. In highly impoverished areas, tourism is promotedas a poverty alleviation mechanism, with associated broad-scale social benefits. A variety oforganisations run social and environmental awards and certification programmes for tourismenterprises, which may fall within the scope of industry self-regulation as a form of CSR, and inmany countries, commercial tourism development interests continually press for access to publicconservation reserves and protected areas, using CSR rhetoric as a lobbying tool.The research literature on CSR presents two main perspectives: either as something thatcompanies actually do; or as something they only pretend to do. Actions that corporations do infact carry out may have either commercial or philanthropic motivations. Actions they onlypretend to carry out are generally politically motivated. As political manoeuvres commonly aimto improve commercial competitive positions, the various goals are not mutually exclusive. Awide range of business cases have been put forward for CSR (Crane et al. 2008). Different casesconsider customers, staff and legal frameworks. Some of these suggestions have been tested, butnot all, and only under limited circumstances. There is thus no general cross-sector CSR modelthat can be applied ready-made in tourism.As an industry sector, tourism has several critical features: (1) the tourism industry mustdeliver its customers to its products rather than the reverse; (2) these products cannot be stored,but must be consumed as they are produced; (3) these products consist of bundles of goods andservices, typically assembled from sources around the world, with highly distributed social andenvironmental impacts; and (4) most of these goods are not produced solely for tourism, and itis not until the final assembly that they become tourism products; so CSR in tourism necessarilyinvolves consideration of extended supply chains.CSR components of commercial tourism operations can be considered at two levels. Base-level CSR simply involves compliance with commercial, environmental and industrial-relationslaws, for example in relation to fair dealings with clients, suppliers, staff and lessors. This includesstaff working conditions, truth in advertising and customer service. Relevant laws and practicesdiffer considerably between countries, so assessing compliance is rarely straightforward. Therelevant laws are largely those of destination countries, many of them in the developing world.Higher-level CSR reflects external social pressures beyond the strict requirements of the law orthe market place. Social expectations include both those of local residents in destination areas,and those of international clients from countries of origin. Often these expectations may be verydifferent. They may include contributions to conservation, cultures or community well-being.Depending on the country of operations, expectations may include pressures to: minimisesocial impacts associated with differences in wealth or culture; provide employment and entrepreneurial opportunities for local residents; train staff and customers in cultural sensitivity; contribute directly to local community health and education; encourage philanthropy in caseswhere rich tourists visit poor communities; and negotiate and uphold fair leases and contractswith community landowners. In addition, there are pressures for tourism corporations to:minimise, manage, monitor and offset their impacts on natural environments; contribute toconservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services; and contribute to climate change mitigationmeasures. All of these differ between countries and market sectors." @default.
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• W1503195148 date "2015-02-17" @default.
• W1503195148 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1503195148 title "Tourism and CSR" @default.
• W1503195148 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203121108.ch46" @default.
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