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- W1503232278 abstract "The significance of the aristocratic improver has been questioned by recent research which has tended to see financial return as the sole motive for agricultural development. This paper seeks to re-assess the role of the improving landowner by offering the first modern study of one of its leading examples, the fifth Duke of Bedford (1765-1802). It argues that he was influential both in his county and in the broader development of scientific agriculture. His motivation was not financial return but derived from the intellectual and political environment of his time. Indeed, his policy was doomed as it took no proper account of return on investment and, if generally pursued by his class, would have quickly destroyed their elite position. The cliometric calculations of Crafts have re-emphasized the contribution of agriculture to economic growth after 1750. Explanations of the agricultural revolution by historical economists now tend to focus on the operation of the market place in response to the growing demand generated by population growth and urbanisation. In this approach, the role of the individual agricultural improver, like the fifth Duke of Bedford of Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire, is relegated to that of a mere actor imprisoned in an econometric drama, reciting deterministic lines of which he was not the author. Allen, in his chapter on agriculture in The Economic History of Britain since 1700, scarcely discusses the motive of the landowner in economic development except to comment that 'higher rent was the motive behind the creation of large farms'. Cultural explanations of innovation (or lack of innovation) are in one case contemptuously dismissed as 'another case of British irrationality like real ale or silly mid-ofF.1 Many agrarian historians and historical economists discount the possibility of a philosophical commitment to the idea of improvement or, indeed, any sense of altruism in favour of pure financial return. To quote McCloskey, 'the assumption of close calculation' should be made by historical economists unless there is strong evidence to the contrary. This profit-oriented approach probably reveals more about our own materialistic society than about the minds of eighteenth century aristocratic improvers.2 This has not always been the case. Lord Ernie stressed the critical role played by such aristocratic improvers as the fifth Duke of Bedford, Coke of Holkham and Lord Egremont at 1 N. F. R. Crafts, British economic growth during the Industrial Revolution (1985); R. Allen, 'Agriculture during the Industrial Revolution' in R. Floud and D. McCloskey (eds), The economic history of Britain since 1700 (3 vols," @default.
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- W1503232278 date "1999-01-01" @default.
- W1503232278 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1503232278 title "Reassessing the influence of the aristocratic improver : the example of the fifth Duke of Bedford (1765-1802)" @default.
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