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- W1504187 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter describes clinical and epidemiological features of human tetanus and human botulism, the paralytic diseases caused by these most poisonous poisons. Brief mention is made of botulinum toxin's use as a therapeutic agent to produce muscle relaxation in a variety of clinical situations. In contrast, at least one malevolent government is known to have recently mass-produced approximately 1,90,001 of botulinum toxin, of which approximately 1,00,001 was incorporated into artillery shells and SCUD missiles. Botulinum and tetanus toxins share the dubious distinction of being the most poisonous substances known; the potency of tetanus toxin is exceeded only by the potency of botulinum toxin. Both toxins exist as simple bi-chain proteins, whose larger component contains the cellular binding site and whose smaller component is a Zn2+-containing endoprotease. The enzymatic light chain cleaves one of three components of the “docking” or “fusion” complex by which the synaptic vesicle fuses with the terminal cell membrane and releases its neurotransmitter. Both diseases originate from one of eight clostridial neurotoxins whose remarkable similarities of structure and mechanism indicate a common ancestral gene, yet the principal manifestations of the two diseases—spastic paralysis for tetanus and flaccid paralysis for botulism—paradoxically represent polar opposites of clinical immobility." @default.
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- W1504187 title "Human Tetanus and Human Botulism" @default.
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