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• W1504613 abstract "SYRIA Developments and Population Policies in Ba'thist Syria, by Onn Winckler. Brighton, UK and Portland, OR: Sussex Academic Press, 1999. xv + 158 pages. Notes to p. 183. Appends. to p. 187, Bibl. to p. 208. Index to p. 218. $100. Reviewed by Farzaneh (Nazy) Roudi The book under review, written by Onn Winckler of University of Haifa in Israel, is one that readers from disciplines in addition to population would find interesting and useful. The book is a unique and rich collection of demographic data and analyses in context of Syria's political and socioeconomic development over past few decades. Winckler is to be commended for his thoroughness in using a variety of available sources in his analysis. He devotes not only a full chapter, Chapter 1, to Sources for Syrian Trends and Developments, in which he extensively describes different sources, but also his bibliography and notes are 25 pages and 20 pages, respectively. As indicated by Winckler in Introduction, the main purpose of book is to describe and analyze demographic and socioeconomic developments, as well as policies, emerging in Syria within framework of demographic developments taking place throughout Middle East and North Africa region since Ba`thi Revolution in early March 1963. To achieve this goal, book focuses on three demographic areas-- population growth, spatial distribution, and labor migration-that are covered in separate chapters (i.e., chapters two through four, respectively). Chapter five discusses Demographic Policies of Syrian Authorities with respect to these three demographic areas, and examines evolution of Syria's fertility policy and family planning program, along with Syria's migration policies. In chapter six, Economy and Political Changes under Asad, Winckler summarizes economic, political, and demographic trends in Syria. The Middle East as a whole has experienced highest rate of natural increase of any region in world, including sub-Saharan Africa. The annual rate of population growth reached its peak of 3 percent around 1980. The world, as a whole, had reached a peak of 2 percent annual rate of population increase a decade earlier. The high rate of population growth in Syria, like most other developing countries, is due to a sharp decline in mortality (particularly mortality among infants and children) and slow decline in fertility. According to Winckler (Table 2.1, page 26), Syria reached a peak of natural increase of 4 percent a year around 1980-one of highest rates of natural increase in world. Undoubtedly, such a high rate of population growth has put pressure on government of Syria and on its economy to provide for basic needs of a rapidly growing young population. As author notes on page 53: Children and teenagers are large consumers of public services, such as health care and education, while productive contribution is marginal, if any, particularly in urban centers. In a country such as Syria, where public services are largely free of charge or are heavily subsidized, high percentage of young population has far-reaching consequences and a substantial negative impact on rate of economic growth. Syrians were alerted to high rate of population growth when results of 1970 census came out. According to author, Central Bureau of Statistics reported in 1973 that, It seems that high population growth rates have adversely affected efforts exerted for securing [a] better life for all members of population. Despite high economic development rates which were achieved during last decade, such rates are still not sufficient to meet basic needs, and especially in field of education, health, housing and transportation (p. 111). Although some Syrian officials were well aware of consequences of rapid population growth, government was not yet ready to take direct measures to lower fertility, believing that investing in indirect measures, such as female education and employment, would bring about change in desire for smaller family size. …" @default.
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• W1504613 title "Demographic Developments and Population Policies in Ba'thist Syria (Book Review): 1043" @default.
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