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• W1504643129 abstract "The method determines absolute body volume by measuring the pressure/volume behavior of air inside a closed chamber containing the subject. If polyurethane foam is placed inside the chamber, the air behaves isothermally during the measurement, which means that Boyle's law can be applied. The characteristics of the polyurethane foam are such that it also eliminates interference from water vapor and heat production. No detectable deviations were observed between this plethysmometric procedure and the underwater weighing method (r = 0.99 and p < 0.00001), using either objects or human volunteers. It can be concluded that the new method of measuring body volume offers promising possibilities for future research in body composition. Applications in clinical practice and epidemiological surveys are envisaged. One important concern to nutritionists and physicians is the compositional changes of the human body associated with the entire life cycle, because it is assumed that these changes affect nutrient needs. Two other important problems are obesity and protein-energy malnutrition, in both of which an alteration of body composition is the primary symptom. The definitive method of determining body composition is by chemical analysis. However, the many disadvantages of this technique have led to the exploration of indirect approaches such as body density measurement, dilution methods, skinfold measurements and 40K analysis. Most work on body composition has followed the studies of Behnke and his associates (1942), whose subjects were weighed both in air and under water in order to calculate their density (mass/volume). Body volume may be calculated by subtracting the weight under water from the weight in air and correcting for residual air in the lungs and for gas in the alimentary tract. By making assumptions about the composition of the body and the densities of its components, it is possible to convert the density or specific gravity of man to fat content of the body (Behnke et al. 1942). The measurement of body volume by underwater weighing may be considered as one of the best of the indirect approaches. Even this method, however, is time consuming, often considered as unpleasant by the persons examined 1 Agricultural University, Department of Human Nutrition, De Dreijen 11, 6703 ВС Wageningen, the Netherlands. Human Biology, February 1980, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 23-33. ® Wayne State University Press, 1980 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.210 on Sun, 31 Jul 2016 05:11:43 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 24 В. L. Gundlach, H. G. M. Nijkrake, and J. G. A. J. Hautvast and impossible to apply in clinical practice or epidemiological investigation. We now describe a quick and easy method of measuring body volume. Although some aspects of this technique have been used previously (Pfaundler, 1916; Pfleiderer, 1929; Bohnenkamp and Schmah, 1931; Noyons and Jongbloed, 1935; Jongbloed and Noyons, 1938; Behnke et al. 1942; Siri, 1956; Liuzzo et al. 1958; Falkner, 1963; Gnaedinger et al. 1963; Beeston, 1965; Schmid and Schlick, 1976) we believe that our approach offers important advantages in terms of convenience, speed of measurement, and accuracy." @default.
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• W1504643129 title "A rapid and simplified plethysmometric method for measuring body volume." @default.
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