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• W1504653806 abstract "The schools must be major players in collaborative initiatives to provide more flexible, comprehensive, and coordinated services to needy children and families, Mr. Usdan maintains. And school board leadership will be vital to any efforts to develop alternative governance structures and/or closer inter-sector collaborations. As the 20th century dawned and public education began to expand throughout the country, some fundamental decisions about school governance were made that have profoundly shaped the role and functions of local boards of education. There is growing evidence as the 21st century approaches that we may once again need to assess our basic structure for education governance. Early in this century, municipal reformers spearheaded the movement to create a separate governance structure for schools in most jurisdictions. Schools were deemed to be of singular importance in socializing and shaping the civic attitudes and vocational competencies of growing numbers of immigrants. Indeed, they were considered to be so vital that local school boards were institutionally separated from general purpose government so that their members would be untainted and insulated from the more blatant abuses of partisan politics and patronage that were so rife in urban centers in the early 20th century. This institutional separation was embedded in state law. For example, school statutes were codified separately from other legislation, and school board elections in most states were mandated to be held at different times from general elections. This history and tradition of separatism has prevailed and remained largely unchallenged until quite recently. What has caused the recent reassessment of the distinctive place and role of schools in the structure of local government? Why is an almost century-old tradition of separating school boards from general purpose government being subjected to closer scrutiny and growing criticism? A major factor, of course, is the changing demographics of children and families. Indeed, the growing evidence of children's poverty is among the most salient issues facing not only schools and health and social service agencies but the society at large. In the 1993 update of its report Five Million Children, the National Center for Children in Poverty documents the shocking fact that 5.6 million children under age 6 were living in poverty in 1991 - a 33% increase in the incidence of poverty among this group since 1979.(1) With approximately 40% of children under the age of 6 growing up in abject poverty or in economically marginal circumstances, all our institutions must be reconfigured to meet more adequately their complex and interrelated educational, health, and social needs. If the needs of such large numbers of children are of paramount importance, then we must reassess the governance and operation of schools as well as the other institutions that provide fundamental social and health services to youngsters. There is growing recognition that efforts to improve academic achievement must be buttressed by efforts to improve children's health and the social conditions in which they live. In other words, there is an inextricable relationship between children's readiness to learn and their social and health status. A child with a toothache will not be able to concentrate on his or her studies, nor will youngsters who cannot see the chalkboard be able to succeed in school if they never have their vision checked. Indeed, there is considerable and increasing support for the notion that the learning readiness goal is the key to achieving the heralded six national education goals adopted by then-President Bush and the nation's governors in 1989. Leadership from the local school board will be of critical importance to the still-embryonic collaboration movement. The schools remain the core and most visible institution in most communities. The key element of a community's prestige and desirability as a place to live is the reputation of its school system. …" @default.
• W1504653806 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1504653806 date "1994-01-01" @default.
• W1504653806 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1504653806 title "The Relationship between School Boards and General Purpose Government." @default.
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