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- W1505241581 abstract "This thesis examines three topics in the politicaleconomy of global oil markets and the development of resource-richcountries. The first chapter examines the effect of Saudi Arabia'scrude pricing policies on the political behavior of U.S. firms.Between 1991 and 2003, Saudi Aramco sold its crude to U.S.refineries at a substantial discount relative to Asian refineriesat a total cost of approximately 8.5 billion dollars. Usingvariation in discount receipts across refineries over time, I findthat the discount rents were entirely captured by refiners asprofits and were not passed through to consumers in the form oflower retail gasoline prices. There is also evidence that thediscount policy affected refiners' political action. In particular,I find that discount receipts are associated with an increase inrefiners' overall political donations, and that other types ofprofit shocks were not associated with changes in political giving.This suggests that the effect of the discount was not simply aconsequence of the increase in refining profits. Finally, I showthat the discount resulted in a reallocation of contributionstoward members of congressional committees that reviewed bills ofinterest to Saudi Arabia and away from those who received donationsfrom pro-Israel interest groups. In the second chapter, I assessthe impact of a nationalization quota policy in Saudi Arabia onworkers and private-sector firms. In the past two years, SaudiArabia has dramatically extended its active labor market policiesin order to address the issue of growing youth unemployment and lowSaudi participation in the private sector workforce. This paperstudies the 2011 introduction of the Nitaqat program, which imposeda quota system for Saudi hiring at private firms. The analysis usesa unique dataset from the Saudi Ministry of Labor on the fulluniverse of Saudi private-sector firms and exploits kinks in firmincentives generated by the program to examine the effects of thisquota policy on nationalization, firm size, and firm exit. Icomplement the regression kink results with adifferences-in-differences approach to estimate the overall effectsof the program. The analysis finds that the program succeeded inincreasing native employment but also had significant negativeeffects on firms. Program compliance rates were high, with firmsincreasing their Saudization rate by 0.2 percentage points onaverage for every percentage point increase required by the quota.Quota compliance was primarily accomplished by hiring Saudis, andNitaqat was responsible for the addition of an estimated 52,000Saudi workers to the private sector workforce over the 16 monthperiod. There were also significant costs, however, and the programcaused approximately 11,000 firms to shut down, raising exit ratesby nearly 50%. Among surviving firms, the program decreased totalemployment by 198,000 workers. The third chapter investigates thedirect effect of conflict-related supply disruptions on thedownstream U.S. oil industry. The security of petroleum…" @default.
- W1505241581 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1505241581 creator A5082905461 @default.
- W1505241581 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W1505241581 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W1505241581 title "Essays in oil, conflict, and the development of resource-rich countries" @default.
- W1505241581 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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