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• W1505978306 abstract "We show that graphene possesses a strong nonlinear optical response in the form of multi-plasmon absorption, with exciting implications in classical and quantum nonlinear optics. Specifically, we predict that graphene nano-ribbons can be used as saturable absorbers with low saturation intensity in the far-infrared and terahertz spectrum. Moreover, we predict that two-plasmon absorption and extreme localization of plasmon fields in graphene nano-disks can lead to a plasmon blockade effect, in which a single quantized plasmon strongly suppresses the possibility of exciting a second plasmon. The field of nonlinear optics ranges from fundamental questions concerning light-matter interactions to exciting technological applications [1]. However, usually very large field intensities are required to observe nonlinear effects. One is thus always looking for systems that will exhibit nonlinear phenomena at lower powers, with the ultimate limit being strong interactions between just two quanta of light [2]. One possibility to increase nonlinear effects is to use the strong localization and enhancement of electromagnetic fields in the form of surface plasmon excitations [3]. In that regards, we note that graphene [4] has been demonstrated to support extremely localized plasmons [5–12]. While optical nonlinearities in graphene have been studied by several authors [13–24], here we predict a novel nonlinear effect in the form of multi-plasmon absorption. We also show how this effect leads to saturable absorption in graphene nano-ribbons at low input powers in the far-infrared and terahertz spectrum. Moreover, we predict that the extreme localization of plasmon fields in graphene nano-disks leads to such a strong twoplasmon absorption that it becomes nearly impossible to excite a second plasmon quanta in the system. This plasmon blockade effect would cause the nano-disk to behave essentially like a quantum two-level system, which is observable in its resonance fluorescence spectrum. Graphene is a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms [4]. The low-energy band structure of graphene is described by Dirac cones with the electron dispersion Enk = n~vF|k|, where vF = 10 6 m/s, and n = ±1 stands for the conduction (valence) band [25]. In its intrinsic form graphene is a zero-gap semiconductor; however, it can also be easily doped with free carriers and as such it supports plasmon modes [5–7]. At low frequencies, one can get a rather accurate description of these modes by using a simple Drude conductivity, �(!) = e 2 EF �~ 2 i ! +i ," @default.
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• W1505978306 date "2015-01-21" @default.
• W1505978306 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1505978306 title "Multi-plasmon absorption in graphene" @default.
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