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- W1506532951 abstract "This study examines the ability of students at grades 6, 9, and 12 to write argumentative prose. The study also examines the students' knowledge used to judge the quality of seven constructed prose passages as arguments. The students' judgments were compared to the judgments of a group of adults. The results of the study indicate that the ninth and twelfth grade students scored significantly higher than the sixth grade students in overall argumentative writing quality, using scoring criteria based on the Toulmin (1958) model of argument. When individual argumentative traits are compared, the sixthgraders were less effective than the ninthand twelfth-graders in stating claims and using warrants. There was no significant difference among grades in the use of supporting data. The ninth-graders scored higher in their use of qualifications and rebuttals than the sixthor twelfth-graders. There were no significant differences among the three grades and the adults in their ratings of six of the seven constructed passages. All age groups identified the same passages as arguments. The study concludes that elementary and high school students possess knowledge about argument. Several sources suggest that young students have a great deal of difficulty writing argumentative discourse. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (1980), in its ten-year study of student achievement in writing, reveals that students have much more difficulty with writing tasks, which involve argument, than with narrative, descriptive, or expository tasks. (The NAEP persuasive topic directs students to organize their arguments. Elsewhere in this report the writer refers to studies in which students were asked to write arguments in response to persuasive topics; therefore, the terms and argumentative are used interchangeably.) This assessment indicates that only a small percentage were rated competent or better on a topic (15.6 percent of 9-yearolds; 20.3 percent of 13-year-olds; and 15.2 percent of 17-year-olds). Further, for the 13and 17-year-olds there was a significant (p < .05) drop between 1974 and 1979 in the percentage of compositions rated competent or better on the topics (NAEP, 1980). This research was conducted with the support of a grant to George Hillocks, Jr., from the Spencer Foundation Seed Grants, Department of Education, The University of Chicago. Research in the Teaching of English, Vol. 23, No. 1, February 1989" @default.
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- W1506532951 date "1989-01-01" @default.
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- W1506532951 title "Student Argumentative Writing Knowledge and Ability at Three Grade Levels." @default.
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