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- W1506945174 abstract "Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous tumor of men in western countries. National Cancer Institute estimated that more than 217,000 people were diagnosed and 32,000 people died of prostate cancer in the United States in 2010. Currently, primary therapies for prostate cancer include radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, highintensity focused ultrasound, chemotherapy, cryosurgery, hormonal therapy, and combination of different treatments. Approximately 20-40% of patients treated with radical prostatectomy will have tumor recurrence and elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (Sadar 2011). More than 80% of patients who died from prostate cancer developed bone metastases, primary metastatic sites include bones and lymph nodes (Bubendorf et al 2000, Ibrahim et al 2010, Keller et al 2001). In 1941, Huggins and Hodges reported that androgen ablation therapy caused regression of primary and metastatic prostate cancer (Huggins C 1941). Since then, androgen ablation therapy, using luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LH-RH) or bilateral orchiectomy, has become one of the primary treatment for prostate cancer (Seruga and Tannock 2008). More than 80% of men with these advanced prostate cancers respond to androgen ablation therapy, resulting in tumors shrinkage and reduction of serum PSA (Seruga and Tannock 2008). Anti-androgens are frequently used in conjunction with androgen ablation therapy as a combined androgen blockade to improve therapeutic outcome (Klotz et al 2004). However, 80-90% of the patients who receive androgen ablation therapy ultimately develop recurrent tumors in 12-33 months. The median overall survival of patients after tumor relapse is 1-2 years (Fowler et al 1998, Hellerstedt and Pienta 2002). In addition, androgen deprivation therapy is associated with several undesired side-effects, including sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, hot flashes, fatigue, gynecomastia, anemia, depression, cognitive dysfunction, increased risk of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (Keating et al 2006, Keating et al 2010, Saigal et al 2007, Seruga and Tannock 2008). Androgen deprivation therapy using LH-RH agonists was reported to increase risk of incident diabetes, incident coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and stroke (Keating et al 2006, Keating et al 2010, Saigal et al 2007). Combined" @default.
- W1506945174 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1506945174 date "2011-11-21" @default.
- W1506945174 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1506945174 title "Inhibition of Advanced Prostate Cancer by Androgens and Liver X Receptor Agonists" @default.
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