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• W1508843627 abstract "Metals have been used in human society for thousands of years, and the amount of metal production continuously increased. In modern society, the production of metals has explosively increased, and the use of metals becomes inevitable in our daily life throughout society. However, the source of metals seems to be changed from high concentrations of ores to low concentrations or industrial wastes. Among the global primary metals production, crude steel shares approximately 90% (Worrell, 2004), and major metallurgical industrial waste comes from ironand steel-making industries. In 2007, the total production of crude steel reaches 1,351 million tons (Worldsteel Association, 2009), and it is expected to increase continuously. Along with the continuous growth in steel production, the generation of ironand steel-making industrial wastes such as mill scale, slag, dust, sludge, etc. have increased considerably. Considering that these industrial wastes contain lots of useful resources such as Fe, Zn, etc., many researchers have suggested various processes recycling the valuable metallic elements. Pyrometallurgical process can be a general solution to recover valuable elements from industrial wastes. However, traditional pyrometallurgical recycling processes (e.g. Waelz process) have some problems inherently (Lee et al., 2008). (1) Industrial wastes are difficult to handle due to their physical characteristics as fine particles: apparent low density and flying. Therefore, recycling processes require pre-treatment such as pelletizing with binders. (2) During the process, erosion of refractory materials easily occurs, because the heating zone temperature is much higher than the reaction zone. Therefore, maintenance cost is a critical barrier, when the process is extended from a pilot plant to a commercial one. (3) After processing, the metallic components mainly iron-based alloys are difficult to be separated from residues (originated from the waste as well as the binders). Recently, many researchers have paid attentions to the microwave heating process as an alternative recycling method due to its unique characteristics such as fast heating and direct internal heating (Nishioka et al., 2002; Morita et al., 2001; Morita et al., 2002; Saidi & Azari, 2005; Cho & Lee, 2008; Lee et al., 2008; Kim et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2010). It is also believed that the microwave heating may provide savings in both time and energy (Kelly & Rowson, 1995; Ishizaki et al., 2006)." @default.
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• W1508843627 date "2011-02-14" @default.
• W1508843627 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
• W1508843627 title "Application of Microwave Heating to Recover Metallic Elements from Industrial Waste" @default.
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• W1508843627 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/14351" @default.
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