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• W1511893663 startingPage "5314" @default.
• W1511893663 abstract "Abstract As pattern recognition receptors, TLRs signal and induce expression of multiple host defense genes including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. To investigate the mechanisms of up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during SIV infection in rhesus macaques, we measured the relative levels of expression of TLRs 1–10 in lymphoid tissues during different stages of SIV infection. By real-time RT-PCR, TLR3 was determined to be up-regulated in macaque lymph nodes (LN) throughout the course of infection, whereas TLR9 was down-regulated during early stages of infection. CXCL9/Mig, CXCL10/IP-10, IFN-γ, and IFN-α mRNAs were also increased during acute SIV infection and AIDS. Treatment of macaque spleen and LN cells with TLR3 and TLR9 ligands led to the induction of these same genes. TLR3 stimulation had disparate effects on viral transcription and viral replication, because poly(I:C), a model TLR3 ligand, stimulated the viral promoter but potently inhibited SIV replication in primary cultures of macaque spleen and LN cells. These findings identify roles for TLR3 inflammation in lymphoid tissues and in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1/SIV, and suggest that TLR3 ligands could potentially be used to flush out latently infected cells that persist during antiretroviral therapies." @default.
• W1511893663 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1511893663 creator A5057033838 @default.
• W1511893663 creator A5068918844 @default.
• W1511893663 date "2005-10-15" @default.
• W1511893663 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1511893663 title "Increased Expression of TLR3 in Lymph Nodes during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Implications for Inflammation and Immunodeficiency" @default.
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• W1511893663 doi "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.8.5314" @default.
• W1511893663 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16210637" @default.
• W1511893663 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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