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• W1512702718 abstract "Recent work in this laboratory has been concerned with the enzymes that catalyse the synthesis and degradation of glutathione via the γ-glutamyl cycle. The synthesis of glutathione from glutamate, cysteine and glycine requires two ATP-dependent steps, catalysed by γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, respectively. The first step in the amino acid-dependent or peptide-dependent breakdown of glutathione is catalysed by γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase, a membrane-bound enzyme found in a variety of epithelial and lymphoid cells. γ-GIutamyltranspeptidase catalyses transfer of the γ-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to an amino acid or peptide acceptor to form the corresponding γ-glutamyl amino acid or peptide derivative and cysteinyl-glycine. Cysteinyl-glycine is hydrolysed to cysteine and glycine. The conversion of γ-glutamyl amino acids to 5-oxoproline and the corresponding amino acids is catalysed by γ-glutamylcyclotransferase. The enzyme 5-oxoprolinase catalyses the cleavage of 5-oxoproline to glutamate, a reaction that is coupled with the cleavage of ATP to ADP. These reactions constitute a metabolic pathway, the γ-glutamyl cycle, that accounts for the synthesis and degradation of glutathione. Studies on this cycle have (a) shown that 5-oxo-L-proline is a quantitatively significant metabolite, (b) led to purification and study of 5-oxoprolinase, an enzyme that catalyses a unique peptide bond cleavage that requires energy, (c) explained the aetiology and symptomatology of the disease 5-oxoprolinuria, (d) elucidated a physiologically significant mechanism that controls glutathione synthesis, and (e) focused new attention on the γ-glutamyl moiety of glutathione and on γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. The evidence that the γ-glutamyl cycle functions in vivo is reviewed. The hypothesis that it functions as one of the systems that mediates amino acid and peptide transport is considered in the context of the available data, including recent studies on the interaction of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase with various dipeptides and neutral L-amino acids such as cystine and glutamine." @default.
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• W1512702718 date "1977-01-01" @default.
• W1512702718 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W1512702718 title "On the Function of the γ‐Glutamyl Cycle in the Transport of Amino Acids and Peptides" @default.
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• W1512702718 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470720318.ch8" @default.
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