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• W1514554346 abstract "It is known that a common denominator in the pathogenesis of most chronic diseases is the involvement of oxidative stress, related to the production by all aerobic organisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, including free radicals. Also the modern and more complex theories on the role of the oxidative stress in biological processes confirms the importance of a balanced equilibrium between oxidant production and antioxidant defences, for preserving health and longevity. In parallel, a growing body of epidemiological studies suggests a consistent association between the consumption of plant-based diets and a lower incidence of several chronic pathologies, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In this scenery, dietary antioxidants from fruits and vegetables may fill an important beneficial role, and clinical and epidemiological data from literature seem to confirm this hypothesis. There is now convincing evidence that the combination of fruit fibers, micronutrients and nonessential phytochemicals such as polyphenol compounds, may play a synergistic and cumulative role in health promotion. Several systematic analyses of the antioxidant, micronutrient and phytochemical composition of edible fruits have already been reported. As a consequence, the improvement of the nutritional quality (NQ) of fruits has become a new quality target of biotech ad breeding strategies, as important as the enhancement of the fruit organoleptic-sensorial attributes, the plant productivity, resistance and adaptation. In the last few decades, single subgroups of fruit have been taken into consideration to facilitate the observation of specific health promoting or preventing actions, with a major attention to fruits showing per se a highly relevant nutritional value. Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Dutch.) represents one of the most commonly consumed berries, both in fresh and processed forms, and, due to the relevant economic and commercial impact, is by far the most studied berry from both the agronomic, genomic and nutritional view point. Its remarkable NQ has been correlated to the high content of vitamin C, folate and, more recently, to the high levels and variety of phenolic constituents, most of which expressing relevant in vitro antioxidant properties. It is known that the NQ of the fruit varies greatly depending on several preand post-harvest factors, with the genetic background playing the major role in determining the strawberry nutritional traits. For this reason, the current strawberry breeding programs for genetic improvement make use of controlled crosses strategies to acquire new varietes with nutritionally-enriched-fruits, and enhanced healthy properties. However, the success of breeding strategies is related to the deep knowledge of the most useful wild and cultivated genetic diversity used in combined crosses, while few strawberry genotypes have been currently well characterised for the nutritional features. The first aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the NQ of strawberry fruits of eight different commercially available varietes and advanced selections of the SAPROVUnivPM strawberry breeding program, in order to assess the influence of the well-known genetic backgrounds on the strawberry NQ. All genotypes were evaluated for their standard NQ parameters, by measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the total phenolic, the total flavonoid and the total anthocyanin contents of the strawberry extracts. In addition to these common general measurements, the vitamin C and folate contents were quantified, and the individual antioxidant metabolites in the extracts were separated and characterized by HPLC analyses coupled to an on-line postcolumn antioxidant detection system, in order to simultaneously compare the phytochemical and antioxidant profiles among the studied genotypes. To evaluate the seasonal and ripening time influence on the genotype-to-genotype NQ differences observed, the micronutrient, phytochemical and antioxidant contents of the strawberry clones were analysed in three consecutive fruiting seasons (2006, 2007, 2008), and the main climatic factors putatively implicated in the observed changes were considered. Significant genotype-to-genotype differences were outlined both by using the more approximate general assays and the HPLC fine separations, confirmimg how the genetic background may strongly affect all the NQ parameters of the eight clones in study. In particular, the F1 and F2 crosses of F. x ananassa x F. virginiana glauca resulted among the richest sources of antioxidants, phenolic compounds and vitamin C. In addition, the fruits resulting from these interspecific crosses were by far the richest source of folate, and the findings confirmed how a wild species can contribute to the introgression of interesting nutritional features in cultivated strawberries. Among the strawberry varietes studied, the cultivar Sveva showed the highest nutritional attributes, except only for the anthocyanin content. The cultivar showed a relevant and wellbalanced antioxidant, micronutrient and phytochemical composition during the three-year investigation, thus being eligible as fruit material for the pilot human studies simultaneously carried out. Although strawberry is one of the antioxidant-richest fruits, and although the potential bioefficacies of strawberry compounds are currently receiving ample attention, the absolute majority of the literature data still come from in vitro studies, which are often carried out at experimental conditions not comparable with the in vivo situation. Thus, it would be mandatory to confirm the potential health-promoting effects of strawberries by in vivo human studies. The second aim of the present study was to assess the effects of strawberry consumption on biomarkers of antioxidant status, in healthy subjects. Three pilot studies were carried out, and the screened participants were involved in an acute and two medium-term strawberry consumption tests. The potential changes in both plasma and cellular markers of antioxidant status were evaluated, by measuring the strawberry-dependent variation in plasma TAC, in the serum concentrations of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants, and in circulating cells responsiveness to oxidative damage. Significant increases in plasma TAC and in vitamin C concentration in serum were observed, both after acute strawberry intake and during the medium-term consumption of the fruits. During the protracted strawberry supplementation, significant improvements of the erythrocyte and lymphocyte resistance to induced oxidative damage were also outlined. The preliminary results obtained in this work provided an interesting starting point, thus further dietary intervention studies are strongly hoped. For additional informative data, more protracted strawberry consumption studies should be planned in the future, especially if focused on particular groups at specific disease risk." @default.
• W1514554346 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1514554346 date "2012-05-03" @default.
• W1514554346 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1514554346 title "The nutritional quality of strawberries of different genotypes: preliminary studies on the impact of strawberry consumption on the antioxidant status of healthy subjects" @default.
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