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• W1514802594 abstract "The construction of the Bassa Dam in the early 1970s attracted a great deal of international attention.1 Portuguese colonial authorities, engineers, hydrologists, and journalists heralded the dam's majestic 510-foot walls, its five massive General Electric turbines, and the vast man-made lake covering more than 2600 square kilometers. For them, Bassa was both agent and symbol of the developers' will conquer nature in the cause of mankind. Government officials predicted the dam would provide badly needed energy, end flooding, expand irrigated farming for poor peasants, increase mineral output, and facilitate communication and transportation throughout the strategic Zambesi River Valley. This vast region covers more than 225,000 square kilometers and includes almost a quarter of Mozambique's population. As a follow-up this technological triumph, they envisioned building a second dam 70 kilometers south of Bassa at Mphanda Nkuwa. The colonial development narrative was imbued with an ethical message championing the moral responsibility of Lisbon improve the life of its backward subjects and bring them into the twentieth century under Portugal's tutelage. Joaquim Moreira da Silva Cunha, minister of overseas territories, declared that Lisbon's objective was to tame the wild river and transform it into a valuable tool for progress ... for the betterment of the indigenous peoples who are an integral part of the Portuguese nation.2 State officials acknowledged that a small number of peasants whose homelands would be inundated by the new lake would have be relocated, but they insisted that such a sacrifice was for a broader economic and social good. Moreover, those who lost their lands would be resettled in modern planned communities with schools, electricity, and health clinics.3 In short, the hydroelectric project represented the pinnacle of Portugal's civilizing mission and underscored its commitment remain in Africa indefinitely. Anticolonial forces, led by the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), saw the project quite differently. The nationalist forces insisted that the Bassa Dam was part of a military and economic alliance between Portugal and South Africa designed provide cheap energy the apartheid regime and perpetuate white rule in the region. They pointed a 1969 agreement in which ZAMCO, a South African-dominated consortium, committed $515 million build the dam.4 The accord, they contended, reinforced the existing strategic alliance between Lisbon and Pretoria and incorporated Mozambique into South Africa's security zone.5 At the United Nations, the FRELIMO representative was unequivocal. Cahora Bassa, he affirmed, is a crime not only against the Mozambican people, but also against the entire people of Southern Africa and of Africa as a whole.6 FRELIMO vowed sabotage Bassa. In 1968 they initiated a guerrilla offensive in Tete, the home district of Bassa. By the end of the decade a sizable force was operating in the area adjacent the proposed dam site. Senior Portuguese military officials estimated at least 1,800 well-armed guerrillas had crossed the Zambesi from Zambia and Malawi and were beginning pose a serious threat.7 Small bands of insurgents planted mines in the dirt roads and along railroad lines and periodically ambushed trucks carrying essential equipment the dam site. To minimize these attacks, the Portuguese tarred the main road between the provincial capital of Tete and the construction site at Songo, cleared the bush adjacent the roads, organized daily convoys and patrolled the train tracks more aggressively. Colonial military planners believed that the projected 500-kilometer lake behind the dam would be a formidable geographic barrier and would impede the easy access of FRELIMO forces the heart of Mozambique from their bases in Zambia and Malawi. FRELIMO's strategy benefited from a well-organized and highly visible international campaign block Western financing and construction of the dam. …" @default.
• W1514802594 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1514802594 date "2005-05-01" @default.
• W1514802594 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1514802594 title "Displaced people, displaced energy, and displaced memories : The case of Cahora Bassa, 1970-2004" @default.
• W1514802594 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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