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• W1515080319 abstract "Breast cancer is a major challenge to current medicine; it is the disease with highest death rate in the female population and is even of significance to the male population. Although breast cancer is effectively treated by surgery at early stages, patients who present with breast cancer metastases at diagnosis or who subsequently develop metastatic disease have a much poorer prognosis. A feature of the normal breast endothelium is its regulation by the endocrine system; steroid hormones such as oestrogen are released predominantly by the ovary and control both proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. The proliferation of corresponding carcinoma cells that arise in early breast cancer has a similar dependence on endocrine hormones. Thus, one of the main methods for treating early breast cancer, apart from surgery, is to block the growth promoting action of oestrogen, either by blocking the downstream action with antioestrogens such as tamoxifen or by reducing the concentration of circulating oestrogen through oophorectomy or treatment with aromatase inhibitors. While such treatment is generally effective, the consequent emergence of aggressive tumours is common and poses a major barrier to successful disease management. Heterogeneity has been postulated to be a key property of both breast cancer and epithelial subtypes of normal breast tissue (Visvader, 2009). MCF-7, a commonly used breast cancer cell line, has been propagated for many years by multiple groups and it might be expected that such propagation would select a single phenotype that had the highest growth rate. However, the finding of extensive heterogeneity among MCF-7 lines used by different groups (Nugoli et al., 2003) suggests that mechanisms may be operating within proliferating MCF-7 populations to generate phenotypic diversity continuously. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the evidence of the way that the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is heterogeneous with respect to both the expression of hormone receptors and to the utilization of the signalling pathways linked to these receptors. Such heterogeneity may be reflected by the presence of multiple phenotypes within a tumour population that differ markedly in their relative expression of receptors such as progesterone receptor (PR), oestrogen receptor (ER), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2; also known as ErbB2)." @default.
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• W1515080319 date "2011-11-30" @default.
• W1515080319 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1515080319 title "Heterogeneity of Phenotype in Breast Cancer Cell Lines" @default.
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• W1515080319 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/21984" @default.
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