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• W1517408611 abstract "The structure of the cell wall of the Gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris has been investigated in this work by electron microscopy and by low- and high-angle X-ray diffraction. The cell walls were characterized by studies on whole cells and subsequent observations were made on oriented preparations of isolated cell walls and wall components. The effects of the staining (e.g. with uranyl acetate), fixation and embedding procedures (e.g. osmium-methacrylate, permanganate-Araldite) involved in the preparation of the specimens for electron microscopy were examined by X-ray diffraction. These results are discussed in connection with the work of other authors on the electron microscopy of cell walls from Gram-negative bacteria. In addition the effects are described on isolated wall preparations of both short and prolonged extraction by a lipid solvent. The cell wall is known to comprise the rigid mucopeptide-protein layer or R layer and interpenetrating lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein layers. The X-ray data from untreated, fixed or stained walls show the simultaneous existence in varying proportions of two sheet-like structures of respective thicknesses 92 and 144 Å. The 92 Å component is shown by electron microscopy to have the familiar triple-layered “unit membrane” appearance and is identified with the cell wall lacking the labile R layer. The 144 Å component was found only with difficulty in micrographs of isolated walls, and is identified with the complete cell wall. The loss of superficial lipoprotein on lipid extraction reduces the 92 Å component to a leaflet 70 Å thick from which most, if not all, the dense-light-dense divisions of the triple layer have also been extracted. The X-ray and electron microscope data taken together allow the assignment of dimensions to the various density layers of the cell wall. The relationships of these measurements to previously published biochemical, electron microscopic and X-ray work are discussed." @default.
• W1517408611 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1517408611 date "1967-01-01" @default.
• W1517408611 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1517408611 title "The structure of the cell wall of the Gram-negative bacterium Proteus vulgaris" @default.
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• W1517408611 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2836(67)80001-9" @default.
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