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- W1519073370 abstract "This thesis presents the results of four discrete investigations into processes governing theorganic and inorganic chemical composition of seafloor hydrothermal fluids in a variety ofgeologic settings. Though Chapters 2 through 5 of this thesis are disparate in focus, eachrepresents a novel investigation aimed at furthering our understanding of subsurface geochemicalprocesses affecting hydrothermal fluid compositions. Chapters 2 and 3 concern the abiotic (nonbiological)formation of organic compounds in high temperature vent fluids, a process which hasdirect implications for the emergence of life in early Earth settings and sustainment of present daymicrobial populations in hydrothermal environments. Chapter 2 represents an experimentalinvestigation of methane (CH4) formation under hydrothermal conditions. The overall reductionof carbon dioxide (CO2) to CH4, previously assumed to be kinetically inhibited in the absence ofmineral catalysts, is shown to proceed on timescales pertinent to crustal residence times ofhydrothermal fluids. In Chapter 3, the abundance of methanethiol (CH3SH), considered to be acrucial precursor for the emergence of primitive chemoautotrophic life, is characterized in ventfluids from ultramafic-, basalt- and sediment-hosted hydrothermal systems. Previousassumptions that CH3SH forms by reduction of CO2 are not supported by the observeddistribution in natural systems. Chapter 4 investigates factors regulating the hydrogen isotopecomposition of hydrocarbons under hydrothermal conditions. Isotopic exchange between lowmolecular weight n-alkanes and water is shown to be facilitated by metastable equilibriumreactions between alkanes and their corresponding alkenes, which are feasible in natural systems.In Chapter 5, the controls on vent fluid composition in a backarc hydrothermal system areinvestigated. A comprehensive survey of the inorganic geochemistry of fluids from sites ofhydrothermal activity in the eastern Manus Basin indicates that fluids there are influenced byinput of acidic magmatic solutions at depth, and subsequently modified by variable extents ofseawater entrainment and mixing-related secondary acidity production." @default.
- W1519073370 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1519073370 creator A5051567808 @default.
- W1519073370 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W1519073370 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1519073370 title "Laboratory and field-based investigations of subsurface geochemical processes in seafloor hydrothermal systems" @default.
- W1519073370 doi "https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/3730" @default.
- W1519073370 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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