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- W1520377465 abstract "Laboratory evidence unambiguously shows that the mechanical response of rock of low confining pressure is nonlinear, meaning that attenuation is strain-amplitude-dependent, for strains between {approximately}10{sup {minus}6} and those sufficient to cause permanent damage, 10{sup {minus}3} to 10{sup {minus}2}. We compare the magnitude to nonlinear attenuation for soils, microscopically cracked granite, and macroscopically fractured granite. A compilation of data for attenuation in soils from the civil engineering literature documents the strong nonlinear response in these materials over the strain range 10{sup {minus}6} to 10{sup {minus}3}. Nonlinear soil response would be most important in near surface layers. We show direct evidence that fatigue microcracking resulting from high-frequency and ultrasonic measurement techniques may lead to systematic overestimates of nonlinear attenuation. New data for attenuation due to sliding on a single macrofracture in granite shows that large attenuation (up to Q{sup {minus}1} = 0.1) can occur at strains of 5 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} at low normal stress. Measurable nonlinear response attributable to the fracture persists to strains near 10{sup {minus}6} and to normal stresses corresponding to overburden pressures at typical burial depths for underground explosions. 32 refs., 6 figs." @default.
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- W1520377465 date "1991-01-01" @default.
- W1520377465 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1520377465 title "Nonlinear attenuation effects outside the zone of macroscopic failure" @default.
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- W1520377465 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/gm065p0091" @default.
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