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• W1520503399 abstract "This thesis studies natural and anthropogenic determinants of grasslandbiodiversity in the Swiss Alps at the levels of plant communities within a landscape(Chapter 2), species diversity within plant communities (Chapter 2 and 3), biologicalinteractions between plants and herbivores and pathogens (Chapter 4), and diversitywithin a species (Chapter 5-8). Within-species diversity is studied in the widespread andagriculturally important grass species Poa alpina L.ConclusionWith our comprehensive study across 12 villages we could demonstrate thathuman land use affects biodiversity at all levels and has largely shaped presentbiodiversity during the hundreds of years of agricultural activity. Additionally, weshowed that cultural traditions still affect man-made landscape diversity. Still persistingsocio-economic differences among cultural traditions are likely to be responsible for thiscultural effect.The reduction of labor for farmers by grazing of formerly unfertilized meadows orabandonment of pastures and meadows will reduce land use diversity, and the number ofparcels of high biological value used at low intensity will decrease. Thus, biodiversitywill decrease both between and within grassland parcels. Therefore, financial incentivesare needed to stop the ongoing changes in agriculture in order not to risk losses inbiodiversity. Financial incentives should promote high biodiversity within parcels ofland, but as not all levels of biodiversity react in the same way a high landscape diversityat the village level is also necessary.Unfertilized meadows are the most laborious type of grassland, and therefore theyare most likely to get abandoned, especially when they are steep and at high altitudes andthereby not easily accessible. Due to their significance for plant species richness andcomposition, financial incentives for the conservation of these unfertilized meadows areespecially important.We showed that, in contrast to widespread reservations against grazing,particularly low-intensity grazing has several positive aspects at all levels of biodiversity,and from a biodiversity point of view, grazing is clearly preferable to abandonment ofgrasslands.In summary, to protect biodiversity at all levels of biological integration, a highlydiverse landscape has to be promoted. Therefore, financial incentives should aim at highland use diversity, which is likely to be most successfully promoted at the village level.A reduced diversity of land use types or even abandonment of whole regions willseverely reduce biodiversity. At the same time, landscape attractiveness for tourists willbe reduced and the remnants of cultural heritage in the Swiss Alps will be endangered.The conservation of all levels of biodiversity and of their cultural, esthetical, ecological,and economic value requires the persistence of the diverse landscapes of the Alps." @default.
• W1520503399 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1520503399 creator A5090065870 @default.
• W1520503399 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W1520503399 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1520503399 title "Natural and anthropogenic determinants of biodiversity of grasslands in the Swiss Alps" @default.
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