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• W1520559304 abstract "greater part of fresh water on planet Earth is under ground and most of that qualifies as in sense of water available to be pumped to surface for human exploitation or consumption. This water is subject to a wide range of conditions of occurrence that reflect great variations in porosity and permeability of earth’s crust. Its rapidly growing importance as a source of water for agricultural, ecological, industrial, and municipal use around world has resulted in major actors in water politics and policy have debated issues and problems involved in development and use of groundwater. creation, by courts in United States and England of common law of ground-water in nineteenth century was steeped in ignorance. This problem was perhaps best ex-pressed in Ohio decision of Frazier v. Brown, in which court stated that the existence, origin, movement and course of such waters, and causes which govern and direct their movements, are so secret, occult and concealed, that an attempt to administer any set of legal rules in respect to them would be involved in hopeless uncertainty, and would be, therefore, practically impossible (emphasis added). To scientists, relationship of groundwater to surface waters now is a well-known fact. Unfortunately for future congruity of law and science, courts in most jurisdictions had spoken of early common law decisions as rules of property. Courts therefore were reluctant change rules to bring them into conformity with later scientific knowledge. Yet explosive growth of groundwater extraction made possible by high-pressure centrifugal pump created crises in some areas where groundwater demand out-stripped groundwater supply. Eventually, most courts and legislatures became more willing to define relations of parties concerning their interests in groundwater consistently with recognized scientific knowledge of hydrology and geology. Because of relatively recent emergence of groundwater as a field of scientific knowledge and of large-scale economic exploitation, as well as concern over unsettling of property rights, law relating to groundwater long remained relatively undeveloped and exhibited considerable confusion. As Mark Goodman, commenting on state of groundwater law in Arizona in 1978, summed it up, The history of [groundwater law] is as thrilling as ignorance, inertia, and timidity could have made it. Not least of continuing disconnects between water science and water law is continuing application, in most states, of different bodies of law to surface waters and to groundwater even though they are all part of single hydrologic cycle. This approach carries over to groundwater itself where rule persists that water flowing in an underground stream is subject to law applicable to surface waters, while groundwater (water seeping through interstices in soil or rock) is subject to law applicable to groundwater. This article discusses only law applicable to groundwater as so narrowly conceived, and in particular to law allocating groundwater so narrowly conceived to particular users and uses. Today there are five different theories for allocating percolating groundwater to particular users, theories that are reviewed in this article:1) Absolute dominion (also called absolute ownership or the rule of capture);2) Correlative rights;3) reasonable use rule;4) Appropriative rights; and5) Regulated riparianism." @default.
• W1520559304 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1520559304 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W1520559304 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1520559304 title "A Primer on Groundwater Law" @default.
• W1520559304 hasPublicationYear "2013" @default.
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