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- W1521086265 abstract "Triterpene saponins are widely distributed in higher plants [1,2] and belong to a class of natural products that includes various bioactive compounds found in medicinal plants [3]. The family Leguminosae, which includes plants such as licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) [4], soybean (Glycine max) [5] and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) [6], are well-known triterpene saponin-producing plants. The roots and stolons of licorice accumulate glycyrrhizin as a major bioactive triterpene saponin, while the hypocotyls of soybean accumulate soyasaponin I. Glycyrrhizin and soyasaponin I are synthesized from a common biosynthetic intermediate, the triterpene aglycone b-amyrin, derived from the initial cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene. Licorice b-amyrin 11-hydroxylase (CYP88D6) [7] and b-amyrin 30-hydroxylase (CYP72A154) [8] catalyze the oxidation of b-amyrin at positions C-11 (two-step oxidation) and C-30 (three-step oxidation), respectively, to produce glycyrrhetinic acid, the triterpene aglycone of glycyrrhizin. In contrast, soybean b-amyrin 22-hydroxylase [unpublished] and b-amyrin 24-hydroxylase (CYP93E1) [9] catalyze the oxidation of b-amyrin at positions C-22 (one-step oxidation) and C-24 (one-step oxidation), respectively, to produce soyasapogenol B (22-hydroxy, 24-hydroxyb-amyrin), the triterpene aglycone of soyasaponin I (Figure 12.1). Construction of vector plasmids for multi-gene transformation is an essential technique for pathway engineering of secondary metabolites. The construction of complex plasmids for expressing multiple genes is considered to be a timeconsuming process, but we were able to reduce the difficulty by connecting the gene cassettes in tandem at the restriction sites of homing endonucleases [10], which recognize 18 to 39 specific bases, and using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique based on primer overlap extension [11]. The terminator regulates the level of expression by controlling transcriptional termination and 30-endprocessing of mRNA. Arabidopsis heat shock protein18.2" @default.
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- W1521086265 date "2013-04-12" @default.
- W1521086265 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1521086265 title "Multi-Gene Transformation for Pathway Engineering of Secondary Metabolites" @default.
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- W1521086265 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527669882.ch12" @default.
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