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• W1522526877 abstract "Cold air pools (CAPs) over complex terrain have rarely been investigated in hilly regionsthat are typical across the UK. This thesis gives a detailed account of CAP observationsgained during the COLd air Pooling EXperiment (COLPEX), conducted in the Clun Valleyregion of Shropshire, England.A short 9–month climatology study reveals that weak CAPs, defined as temperature inversionslarger than 1◦C across a valley depth of ∼170m, occur 45% of all nights. StrongCAPs, defined as temperature inversions larger than 4◦C, occur 12% of all nights. StrongCAPs are found to occur when the following “ideal” conditions are met: (1) mean sea levelpressures >1029 hPa, (2) pressure gradients <1.5 Pa km−1, (3) mean night-time ambientwind speeds <3 m s−1, (4) mean night-time ambient wind directions from the N, (5) lowvalues of Flw, i.e., <0.80, where Flw is the ratio of incoming to outgoing LW radiation.Using this criteria a case study investigation is conducted. The case study highlights thesensitivity of CAPs to nocturnal phenomena, which have rarely been documented before.The CAP is disturbed by; a gravity wave, an acceleration of the ambient wind (∼4.6 x10−4 m s−2) and by an increase in the ambient wind speed associated with a developingnocturnal low level jet (NLLJ). The final breakup of the CAP occurred some 3.5hrs afterlocal sunrise and the NLLJ appears to play a role. Further investigations indicate thatNLLJs occur during other CAP nights also.A wind climatology study is conducted investigating the relationship between ambientwinds and valley winds. Four forcing mechanisms for valley winds are proposed by Whiteman& Doran (1993), and these are; forced channeling, downward momentum transport,pressure driven channeling and thermally driven flows. Downward momentum transportpreferentially occurs in less sheltered regions and forced channeling in narrow valley regions.The valley wind behaviour is notably different from day to CAP nights, with thermallydriven down-valley winds prominent during CAP nights. Pressure driven channelingand daytime thermally driven flows (anabatic winds) are not seen.High resolution model simulations of five CAP nights, show that drainage flows developfrequently. However, the timing, structure and strength of drainage flows differs from caseto case. Two regimes stand out: (1) For low ambient wind speed nights the developmentof strong drainage flows leads to increased mixing in valley bottom regions, resulting inweaker stability. (2) For high ambient wind speed nights, weaker drainage flows forminitially, which result in stronger stability and stronger temperature gradients in valleybottom regions. This result suggest a negative feedback on near surface stability caused bystronger drainage flows that preferentially form during strong CAP nights. This highlightsa potential misunderstanding of CAP characteristics in valleys. Here it is shown thatstronger CAPs do not have stronger near surface temperature gradients.An investigation into the affects of ambient wind on local sheltering/decoupling in valleybottom regions is conducted. Results suggest that quantifying the amount of sheltering/decoupling of valley bottom regions can be a useful indicative tool for understandingthe timing and amount of cooling that is occurring during CAP formation. However, futureattempts to use NH/U as a downscaling tool should endeavour to integrate otherfactors, such as; changes in the ambient wind, drainage flows, gravity waves and NLLJs." @default.
• W1522526877 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1522526877 date "2014-04-01" @default.
• W1522526877 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1522526877 title "Cold air pools over complex terrain" @default.
• W1522526877 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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