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• W1523378043 abstract "Objective To evaluate risk factors for astigmatism in a population-based sample of preschool children. Design Population-based cross-sectional study. Participants Population-based samples of 9970 children ages 6 to 72 months from Los Angeles County, California, and Baltimore, Maryland. Methods A cross-sectional study of children participating in the Multiethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Eye Disease Study was completed. Data were obtained by clinical examination or by in-person interview. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate potential associations between clinical, behavioral, or demographic factors and astigmatism. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratios (ORs) for various risk factors associated with astigmatism. Results Participants with myopia (≤−1.0 diopters) were 4.6 times as likely to have astigmatism (95% CI, 3.56–5.96) than those without refractive error, whereas participants with hyperopia (≥+2.00 diopters) were 1.6 times as likely (95% CI, 1.39–1.94). Children 6 to <12 months of age were approximately 3 times as likely to have astigmatism than children 5 to 6 years of age (95% CI, 2.28–3.73). Both Hispanic (OR, 2.38) and African-American (OR, 1.47) children were as likely to have astigmatism than non-Hispanic white children. Furthermore, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were 1.46 times (95% CI, 1.14–1.87) as likely to have astigmatism than children whose mothers did not smoke. Conclusions In addition to infancy, Hispanic and African-American race/ethnicity and correctable/modifiable risk factors such as myopia, hyperopia, and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of having astigmatism. Although the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy is typically low, this association may suggest etiologic pathways for future investigation. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article. To evaluate risk factors for astigmatism in a population-based sample of preschool children. Population-based cross-sectional study. Population-based samples of 9970 children ages 6 to 72 months from Los Angeles County, California, and Baltimore, Maryland. A cross-sectional study of children participating in the Multiethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Eye Disease Study was completed. Data were obtained by clinical examination or by in-person interview. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to evaluate potential associations between clinical, behavioral, or demographic factors and astigmatism. Odds ratios (ORs) for various risk factors associated with astigmatism. Participants with myopia (≤−1.0 diopters) were 4.6 times as likely to have astigmatism (95% CI, 3.56–5.96) than those without refractive error, whereas participants with hyperopia (≥+2.00 diopters) were 1.6 times as likely (95% CI, 1.39–1.94). Children 6 to <12 months of age were approximately 3 times as likely to have astigmatism than children 5 to 6 years of age (95% CI, 2.28–3.73). Both Hispanic (OR, 2.38) and African-American (OR, 1.47) children were as likely to have astigmatism than non-Hispanic white children. Furthermore, children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy were 1.46 times (95% CI, 1.14–1.87) as likely to have astigmatism than children whose mothers did not smoke. In addition to infancy, Hispanic and African-American race/ethnicity and correctable/modifiable risk factors such as myopia, hyperopia, and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of having astigmatism. Although the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy is typically low, this association may suggest etiologic pathways for future investigation." @default.
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• W1523378043 date "2011-10-01" @default.
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• W1523378043 title "Risk Factors for Astigmatism in Preschool Children" @default.
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• W1523378043 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.031" @default.
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