Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1525252893> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W1525252893 abstract "Malaria is responsible for more than one million deaths every year, mainly children under the age of five years living in sub-Saharan Africa. At least one billion people harbor one or several of the three main soil-transmitted helminths, namely Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms and Trichuris trichiura, and about 207 million people are infected with schistosomes. An estimated 70,000 people die each year from amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Giardiasis, caused by Giardia duodenalis, is responsible for 2.8 million annual infections. Poor rural and urban communities in developing countries bear the highest burden of the above-mentioned diseases. Their causes are multifactorial including lack of access to clean water, improved sanitation and health services, as well as inadequate treatment, protection and prevention. The highest rates of urbanization currently occur in the less developed regions of Africa and Asia, and it is predicted that the majority of the population will be living in small and medium urban centers in the near future. The maintenance of traditional livelihoods, including agriculture, is a typical feature in urban settings across Africa, especially in small towns where population densities and land pressure are lower than in big cities. Urban agriculture contributes to food security and livelihood opportunities for poor urban dwellers. However, the adaptation of disease vectors and intermediate hosts to urban ecosystems has been observed, which might further enhance the negative effects associated with persistent rural lifestyles. For example, the creation of malaria vector breeding sites and contact with contaminated water and soil in areas of irrigated agriculture may increase the transmission of vector-borne, water-related and soil-transmitted parasitic diseases. This PhD focused on the interface of agriculture and human health in two different urban settings of Cote d’Ivoire. The overarching goal was to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of irrigated urban agriculture on the transmission of malaria, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and intestinal protozoan infections. The research entailed a considerable amount of fieldwork, carried out between April 2004 and July 2005. In a first step, six zones of irrigated agricultural land use were identified both in Abidjan, the economic capital of Cote d’Ivoire (3.3 million inhabitants), and in the mediumsized town of Man (115,000 inhabitants) in the western part of the country. Next, two standardized mosquito breeding site assessments were conducted in these agricultural zones in the rainy season (September 2004) and in the dry season (February 2005). In each urban setting, a minimum of 120 farming households and additionally 30 non-farming households were randomly selected. Geographic coordinates of houses and the main agricultural plots were recorded. Name, age and sex of all household members were registered. In October2004, interviews on agricultural land use, farming practices and water storage wereconducted with the heads of the farming households. In a cross-sectional survey done inMay/June 2005, questionnaires were administered to all households to assess the socioeconomicstatus, sanitary facilities and common water contact patterns. From each studyparticipant, a finger prick blood sample and a stool sample were collected. Thick and thinblood films were stained with Giemsa and examined for Plasmodium spp. under a lightmicroscopy. The stool samples were prepared based on the Kato-Katz technique and eggs ofSchistosoma mansoni, A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura were recorded separately.Cysts or trophozoites of intestinal protozoa, including Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar and G.duodenalis were identified using an ether-formalin concentration method. Risk factors wereidentified by fitting multivariate non-random and random effects Bayesian regression modelsintegrating spatial correlation of infection.Agricultural land use in Abidjan was characterized by market gardens on lagoon shoresand high-yield vegetable production. The vegetable production areas in Abidjan developed asa consequence of land access difficulties in unexploited public and private areas near poorsettlements, mainly at lagoon shores. In Man, farming was family- and subsistence-based.Predominant agricultural activities were traditional irrigated rice farming and vegetableproduction in lowlands and along the Ko River.The typical demographic and socio-economic profile of a vegetable producer inAbidjan is that he is an immigrant from Burkina Faso, illiterate and lacking a professionalagricultural training. Malaria and intestinal parasitic infections were most prevalent amongthe final study cohort of 370 farmers and family members from 121 farming households. Wefound overall prevalences of T. trichiura, P. falciparum and hookworm of 42.6%, 24.3% and17.3%, respectively. The parasites were heterogeneously distributed between the six marketgarden zones. Prior health issues were suppressed by the farmers with the daily livelihoodstruggle and reported symptoms due to intestinal parasitic infections were of less importancewhen compared to malaria. In-depth focus group discussions revealed that the workingenvironment was discerned as unhealthy, and waste dumps and human defecation groundswere perceived as main health risks. Farmer communities and their network are indicative forthe degree of social coherence and stability in a vegetable production area because thesezones are characterized by highly dynamic land use patterns.In the town of Man, Anopheles larvae were present in 50.7% and 42.4% of 369 and 589examined potential mosquito breeding sites in the rainy and in the dry season, respectively.The most productive habitats were man-made, i.e. agricultural trenches, irrigation wells, andflooded and recently transplanted rice plots. The overall prevalence of P. falciparuminfections in the final study cohort of 574 individuals from 112 farming households was32.1%. Risk factors for P. falciparum in children <15 years of age included living in specificagricultural zones (i.e. traditional irrigated rice plots, mixed crops and a large rice perimeter),proximity to permanent man-made ponds and fish ponds, periodic stays overnight in farmhuts and low socio-economic status.The final study cohort for S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminthiasis comprised 586individuals from 113 farming households. The overall prevalences of S. mansoni, hookworm,E. histolytica/E. dispar and G. duodenalis were 51.4%, 24.7%, 20.2% and 6.3%, respectively.Members from farming households harbored significantly more often an infection withE. histolytica/E. dispar and G. duodenalis when compared to non-farming households.Predictors for an S. mansoni infection included close proximity to the Ko River, contact withirrigation wells and ponds on the agricultural plots and low educational attainment. Riskfactors for hookworm infection comprised living in agricultural zones of traditionalsmallholder irrigated rice plots and a large rice perimeter, using water from domestic wellsand low socio-economic status. Infection prevalences of P. falciparum, S. mansoni andhookworm were spatially highly heterogeneous between the agricultural zones and highestinfections occurred in a zone of a large rice perimeter. P. falciparum infection intensity andhookworm infection prevalence were best explained by spatial random effect models. Spatialcorrelation between farmers’ houses was not significant.The findings of the present work illustrated a clear picture of the interconnectionsbetween specific irrigated agricultural land use and agricultural activities, and malaria andintestinal parasitic infections in different urban settings of Cote d’Ivoire. The outcomes leadto an enhanced understanding of their epidemiology in local agro-ecological urban settingsand related contextual determinants (i.e. agricultural, behavioural, demographic, socioeconomicand environmental factors) and allows the design of readily adapted prevention andcontrol interventions (e.g. tangible vector control strategies and prevention measures forhelminth infections) which actively involve farming communities in the subsequentimplementation and control management." @default.
- W1525252893 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1525252893 creator A5061500084 @default.
- W1525252893 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W1525252893 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W1525252893 title "The effect of irrigated urban agriculture on malaria, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in different settings of Côte d'Ivoire" @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1008584753 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W108351029 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1245938035 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1473241468 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W151972734 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1528153372 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1529291172 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1530599454 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1540689973 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1541554569 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1559165456 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1561204417 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1561881988 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1568217877 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1568997834 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1573128290 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1576163621 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1587695015 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1601356682 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1624014317 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W163600556 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1649438990 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1655861702 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1668258632 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W167521072 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W174563148 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1764695910 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W176801393 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1833075864 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1834521596 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1872427719 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1880093482 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1900810291 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1912505131 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1952674624 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1956867039 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1964671817 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1966187778 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1969388639 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1974895834 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1976474092 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1976974228 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1977690839 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1978327175 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1982492347 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1983035199 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1983327471 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1983661719 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1984809606 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1986742537 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1986816008 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1988249336 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1990410743 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1990517531 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1992343440 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1992344598 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1993670612 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W1994123288 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2000229810 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2000560165 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2000654131 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2000918392 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2001154729 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2001787699 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2004150837 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2005043338 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2006979422 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2008259488 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2010089611 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2012766741 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2014738872 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2015321095 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2017493739 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2019699859 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2019959430 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2021470958 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2022966391 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2023552484 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2024569459 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2024778419 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2024872667 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2025017485 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2029903395 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2033828460 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2040266957 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2041610912 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2043222192 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2043698875 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2044984046 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2046069946 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2046856157 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2046980123 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2047453521 @default.
- W1525252893 cites W2050086798 @default.