Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1526086265> ?p ?o ?g. }
Showing items 1 to 58 of
58
with 100 items per page.
- W1526086265 startingPage "229" @default.
- W1526086265 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION Patent pools have a long and controversial history in United States. Some laud patent pools as a way to further innovation and development in various industries. (1) Supporters credit them for promoting development in areas where presence of multiple patents may impede development and innovation. (2) Some of larger industries within United States, such as aircraft and automobile manufacturing owe their beginnings to patent pools. (3) Recently, MPEG compression and DVD technology successfully used patent pools to help overcome their intellectual property holdups. (4) The successful use of patent pools in these high profile products has rekindled interest in patent pools as a way of overcoming patent bottlenecks. (5) In December 2000, United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) published a white paper suggesting patent pools as a possible solution to problems within field of biotechnology. (6) The white paper analyzed bottlenecks and accessibility problems associated with too many companies holding too many genomic patents. (7) The USPTO claimed patent pools would not only alleviate these problems, but also confer additional advantages to pool members. (8) This Comment disputes USPTO's proposition that use of patent pools will benefit sector. Specifically, this paper evaluates advantages and disadvantages of applying patent pools to genomic intellectual property, arriving at conclusion that patent pools will not be as beneficial to sector as they were for other industries. This Comment will further demonstrate unique of industry that makes patent pools inadequate for overcoming intellectual property problems within field. Patent pools formed in sector face not only traditional disadvantages but also new concerns exclusive to industry itself. Part II provides background on industry. Part III introduces current intellectual property related problems facing biotechnology. Part IV of this Comment provides a background of historical use of patent pools. Part V summarizes advantages USPTO believes companies in sector will realize if they use patent pools to solve issues arising from genomic patenting. The remainder of this Comment discusses proposed advantages that USPTO claims are inherent to patent pooling and identifies additional problems associated with application of patent pools that are unique to industry. II. AN OVERVIEW OF THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY AND GENOMIC INNOVATION Biotechnology is the use of cellular and molecular processes to solve problems or make products. (9) The United States industry began in 1980's but did not rapidly expand until 1990s. (10) From 1993 to 1999, United States industry grew from $8 billion to $20 billion in annual revenue. (11) Today, there are approximately 100 products on market derived from biotechnology. (12) Numerous companies are driving this innovation. Depending on criteria used, number of companies range from 800 to 1,500 companies within United States. (13) However, endless creation of new companies, mergers, acquisitions, and differing ideas about what qualifies as a biotechnology company hampers an accurate count. (14) Arguably, industry, as well as many arguments about patenting genes, began with Diamond v. Chakrabarty. (15) Traditionally, product of nature theory prevented inventors from patenting natural material. (16) This meant that companies were prevented from patenting such things as animals, DNA, or microbes. However, in 1980 landmark case of Diamond v. Chakrabarty, Supreme Court held that human-made, genetically engineered bacteria that broke down crude oil were patentable. …" @default.
- W1526086265 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1526086265 creator A5041339478 @default.
- W1526086265 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W1526086265 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W1526086265 title "Evaluating the Use of Patent Pools for Biotecnology: A Refutation to the USPTO White Paper Concerning Biotechnology Patent Pools" @default.
- W1526086265 hasPublicationYear "2003" @default.
- W1526086265 type Work @default.
- W1526086265 sameAs 1526086265 @default.
- W1526086265 citedByCount "1" @default.
- W1526086265 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W1526086265 hasAuthorship W1526086265A5041339478 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C115910719 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C144133560 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C2779027411 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C2984145337 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C34974158 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConcept C40700 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C115910719 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C144133560 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C17744445 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C199539241 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C2779027411 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C2984145337 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C34974158 @default.
- W1526086265 hasConceptScore W1526086265C40700 @default.
- W1526086265 hasIssue "1" @default.
- W1526086265 hasLocation W15260862651 @default.
- W1526086265 hasOpenAccess W1526086265 @default.
- W1526086265 hasPrimaryLocation W15260862651 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W1500664591 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W1532210549 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W1582506993 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2013485229 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2017660695 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2039940331 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2170563621 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2271968433 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2317177981 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2499688906 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2533121709 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2748974367 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2805852001 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2985283847 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2996803631 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W3122332826 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W3124993591 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W3125078275 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W3199341502 @default.
- W1526086265 hasRelatedWork W2152874557 @default.
- W1526086265 hasVolume "19" @default.
- W1526086265 isParatext "false" @default.
- W1526086265 isRetracted "false" @default.
- W1526086265 magId "1526086265" @default.
- W1526086265 workType "article" @default.