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• W1528585412 abstract "Reviewed by: Technologies, Idéologies, Pratiques: Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances 13, no. 1 (1998)* Larrie D. Ferreiro (bio) Technologies, Idéologies, Pratiques: Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances 13, no. 1 (1998). The French semiannual journal Technologies, Idéologies, Pratiques, published by Editions Eres, began in 1979 with the goal of “offering a meeting-place for works which would be otherwise isolated by their disciplinary boundaries” (p. 7). With the current issue it carries the subtitle “journal of the anthropology of knowledge,” which, as journal director Jean-Pierre [End Page 690] Poitou takes pains to explain, goes beyond the “sociology of knowledge” in that it looks at both mental processes and social influences in constructing knowledge (p. 9). The focus is the objet technique (artifact) as the means of reconstructing the technical practices of the user, to analyze the competencies the user needs to assimilate and employ knowledge, as well as his/her place in the division of labor and within a social context. Each issue is devoted to a theme constructed around a particular objet technique, and is put together by an editor prominent in that field. Previous editions have had as their themes graphical design, artificial intelligence, engineers and organizations, agriculture, and transportation. Forthcoming issues will revolve around the process and role of memory and the role of technical knowledge in the political economy. The journal is almost unknown in North America; only the libraries of Harvard University and the Université de Laval (Quebec City) carry subscriptions. The current issue, the title of which translates to “Designing and building ships: from the trireme to the picoteux,” is a collection of nine essays by authors from six European countries, assembled by Eric Rieth, director of nautical archeology at the Musée de la Marine, Paris. The objet technique is the ship, specifically the wooden ship, and the essays offer a longitudinal comparison across four thousand years and two continents of the processes by which a ship goes from concept to reality. The essays range from detailed archeological reconstructions of shipbuilding practices in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome (signified by the “trireme” in the title) through archival descriptions of European practices in the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries to observations of modern boat-building in Europe and the Americas (signified by the “picoteux” of the title, a small fishing boat still found in lower Normandy). The essays collectively examine the evolution of both the techniques by which the hull form is conceptualized and constructed as a three-dimensional object and the methods of assembling the hull structure itself, as the key to understanding the development of the institutionalized cognitive processes of naval constructors. Archeologists Patrice Pomey and Lucien Basch highlight the change from laying off hull lines “by eye” to the use of molds, especially in large-scale production. Editor Eric Rieth and Jean Boudriot (the doyen of French naval archeology) describe the evolution of graphical methods as a means of conceptualizing the hull form, and the concurrent professionalization of French naval constructors. British historian Richard Barker also describes how graphical methods evolved across the Channel, and provides insights into how hull forms were influenced by the supply of timber. Naval architect Kostas Damianidis contributes a cross-cultural comparison of shipbuilding techniques from Greece, Newfoundland, and Brazil. As with any collection of essays, there are overlaps and conflicts. Many of the essays go over the same ground in describing the evolution from [End Page 691] “shell-first” to “frame-first” construction, while several disagree over the timing and location of scientific developments, such as estimating the displacement of a ship. Although the editors limited the collection to traditionally built wooden ships, it would have been more comprehensive of even this category had it included one or two essays on the development of current naval architecture principles (e.g., calculating and balancing weight, strength, power, and stability in the classic “design spiral”) to highlight the conceptual evolution of ship design brought about by the emergence of modern engineering practices. Still, this edition is unique in that it analyzes ship design and construction and brings it to the attention of technology historians and sociologists, where normally the subject is only covered in..." @default.
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• W1528585412 title "BTechnologies, Ideologies, Pratiques: Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances 13, no. 1 (1998). Concevoir et construire les navires: de la triere au picoteux" @default.
• W1528585412 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/tech.1999.0135" @default.
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