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• W1528936426 abstract "1.1 A tinnitus definition Tinnitus is almost exclusively defined as ringing in the ear(s); more common in the popular than the professional literature since the turn of the century. It is now well recognized that tinnitus is chiefly neural, that is a perception being in one or both ears. This is not to deny cochlear tinnitus or the role of the cochlea in the tinnitus process. It is also typical to define tinnitus as a phantom sound with no external stimulus; also suggesting tinnitus arises in the central nervous system. The phantom descriptor is somewhat problematic (Shulman, 1995); however external sound can and does influence the perception of tinnitus and is a common therapeutic treatment in the form of masking. Further, that means the perception of tinnitus is interactive with external ambient sound. If sound levels are dramatically reduced as in echo free space (anechoic) normal hearing young individuals will generally report tinnitus like perceptions without sensations. The first in a series of studies Heller and Bergmann, (1952) reported almost 94% of normal hearing subjects experienced hearing sounds in a sound attenuated chamber (ambient level of 15-18 dB SPL) after just a few minutes. This finding was repeated but to a lesser degree in three studies (Del Bo et al., 2008; Knobel and Sanchez, 2008; Tucker et al., 2005) in which a 64-68 % of the subjects reported tinnitus. Most interestingly, if attention was redirected away from the auditory modality, the percent responding was less than half (45%). If the subjects were engaged in a cognitive task the percent report tinnitus was <20%. It is not surprising that attention or top down processing plays a role in tinnitus with normal hearing individuals since it is a major factor in segregating those who are bothered or not by their tinnitus (Erlandsson et al., 1992). For those that are not bothered by their tinnitus, the typical response is I do not pay attention to it. There are no published reports of tinnitus being induced in the almost absolute silence, in human terms, in anechoic space. The room in the Del Bo et al., (2008) study is termed a sound proof chamber and also an anechoic chamber; it may have been anechoic with sound attenuation below minimal audible fields. Anechoic space is valuable component in an assessment of silence induced tinnitus since the sound levels are generally less than the air reference of 0.0002 dynes/cm2. While antidotal in nature, I have a vivid memory of my first experience in an anechoic chamber as a graduate student at Florida State University. I walked out on a wire mesh since there were Fiberglas sound wedges below as above and around me. Once the doors were shut I immediately heard my physiological noise of respiration etc. I spoke and it appeared to me that my words were sucked away from my" @default.
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• W1528936426 date "2011-12-22" @default.
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• W1528936426 title "Home Medical Device for Tinnitus Treatment" @default.
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• W1528936426 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/28038" @default.
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