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- W1529017613 abstract "Recent research efforts in area of dementia have revealed that affected patients are not only people that are impacted by this disorder. There are hidden victims that, more often than not, go unnoticed. These people are caregivers, often family members, of a dementia patient. More and more attention is being focused on caregiver because it has been found that caring for a dementia patient can lead to medical and psychological problems in caregiver. The purpose ofthis study was to determine ifa positive correlation exists between caregivers perceived and patient's degree of agitation and aggression. Preliminary results do indicate a positive correlation between agitation and perceived caregiver burden. The results of this study will be important in helping neuropsychologist develop appropriate intervention for dementia patient and his/her caregiver. Examining Role 3 Examining Role ofAgitation and Aggression in Perceived Burden The number of reported cases ofdementia has grown rapidly in last few years. As a person ages, his/her chance of being diagnosed with dementia increases exponentially. It is estimated that 6-7% of population over age 65 is affected with some form of dementia, with 2-4 % of population being affected specifically with dementia ofthe Alzheimer's type (Baumgarten, Hanley, Infante Rivard, Battista, Becker, & Gauthier, 1994). By age 85, it is estimated that 20% ofthe population is affected with a form dementia, most common being dementia of Alzheimer's type (lliagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., 1994). It has been estimated that in near future number of people who will be diagnosed with dementia, particularly of Alzheimer's type, is going to triple. This results in part from fact that segment of persons over age 85 is currently fastest growing age group in United States (Lipkin, Faude,1987). The diagnosis of dementia is dependent upon presence of a number of different symptoms. The most salient symptom is a generalized memory impairment. This may result from deficits in recall of old information or storage of Examining Role 4 new information. Beyond overall memory impairments, a person must also show at least one ofthe following cognitive disturbances: Aphasia (deterioration in language ability), apraxia (inability to perform motor functions even though sensory and motor pathways are still intact), agnosia (inability to recognize objects or people), or a disturbance in executive functioning (which includes abstract thinking among other higher level functions). It is important to note that these problems must be severe enough to impair social or occupational functioning in a person and must reflect a decline from a previously higher level of functioning. Dementia can result from a variety of etiologies including vascular lesions (vascular dementia), dementia ofthe Alzheimer's type, dementia due to mv, dementia due to head trauma, dementia due to Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, etc.. Dementia can be caused by medical conditions, prolonged substance abuse, or a combination of these and other conditions mSM-IV). Traditionally, main focus of treatment in dementia has centered on person with dementia. This seems logical, due to fact that health professionals normally focus treatment on person with immediate problem. We do find, however, that there are a great number of people who more often than not go unnoticed as being affected by dementia. These people are caregivers of dementia patient. Recent research on treatment of dementia has directed more Examining Role 5 attention to demented patient and primary caregiver of that patient instead of patient alone. The primary caregiver of a demented patient, as name suggests is person that spends most time caring for patient. This person is traditionally demented person's spouse; however, it could be a child, a sibling, a friend; whoever spends most time with patient. This interest in caregivers has been fueled by recognition that time and energy involved in caring for a demented individual may have repercussions for caregivers as well. Caring for a demented patient is so difficult that one author said that a typical day in life ofa caregiver ofa dementia patient seems like it is 36 hours long (cf Morris, Morris, and Britton, 1988 b). This is due to seemingly endless responsibilities of caring for a demented person such as, constantly having to watch demented person to make sure he/she does not wander off, helping himlher bathe, toilet, clean, etc.. Caregiver burden has been defined as the physical, psychological, emotional, social, and financial problems that can be experienced by family members caring for impaired older adults (George & Gwyther, 1986). Dementia patients often need help managing such daily activities as dressing, feeding, bathing and management ofbowel and bladder control. This type of constant attention that must be provided to dementia patient can make for long, tiring days. Not Examining Role 6 surprisingly, such significant demands rapidly exhaust typical caregiver's resources. Studies have shown that majority ofdementia patients do not live in an institutional setting, therefore this places more pressure on family to care for demented person (Lipkin & Faude, 1987) There are a number of factors which contribute to experienced by caregivers including lack of social support for caregiver, a change in caregiver's social life, a change in financial situation, embarrassment which caregiver may experience due to demented person, and so forth. The literature describing behavior ofdemented people suggests that many demented patients are agitated and aggressive (Cohen, Eisdorfer, Gorelick, Paveza, 1993; Cohen-Mansfield, Billing, Lipson, Rosenthal, 1990; Cohen Mansfield, Marx, Rosenthal, 1990). Previous studies have examined role of many factors that may be contributing to caregiver burden. Zarit et al. (1980) stated that largest contributing factor to perceived caregiver in their population was lack of social support and help from other family members. Other findings, as well as Zarit et al. (1980), showed that behavioral problems did not playa large role in perceived caregiver burden, however, we were not able to find a study that specifically examined role ofagitation and aggression in impacting caregiver burden. Because literature on dementia shows that there Examining Role 7 ,. are high levels of agitation and aggression in demented population, examining role of these two behaviors might lead to increased understanding of caregiver burden. Given these high level of agitation and aggression and negative effects of these variables on other people, we hypothesize that there will be a positive correlation between level of agitation and aggression in patient and perceived of caregiver." @default.
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- W1529017613 title "Examining the Role of Agitation and Aggression in Perceived Caregiver Burden" @default.
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