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• W152980785 abstract "Introductory Quiz 1. Testing has long been an integral part of language instruction: ( ) True ( ) False 2. Testing is used to... (check all that apply) [ ] place students in appropriate instructional levels [ ] assess learners' progress (for themselves or their teachers) [ ] ascertain and certify language proficiency levels 3. The preferred networking environment for delivering language testing is rapidly becoming the... Extra credit. The educause-sponsored project to ensure interoperability among Internet-based assessment programs is the Check your answers Computerized Testing Computers have been used in language assessment since at least the 1960s. The PLATO project at the University of Illinois pioneered the use of networked computers for language practice and testing. However, the use of computers in language testing did not become widespread and generally available until the advent of the personal computer in the late seventies and early eighties. Among the better-known software packages from the early (DOS) days is Calis from Duke University (still available as an unsupported product). It was designed for active drill and practice of grammar and vocabulary, rather than formal assessment. This was the case as well for Dasher, a widely-used Mac-based program from the University of Iowa. Both programs provided for varied feedback options and recognition/display of partially correct answers. In addition to dedicated language software, generic authoring tools were often used to develop language drill and assessment programs. The best-known of these are HyperCard (from Apple) and Toolbook (from Asymetrix, now click21earn) With both, multimedia could be integrated into the tests or exercises, allowing for more options, including assessing listening comprehension. The arrival of CD-ROM facilitated greatly the use of multimedia in language programs, by providing the necessary storage capacity. There are today successors to these stand-alone authoring programs, such as WinCalis, the Windows version of Calis. One of the attractive features of WinCalis is its support for Unicode (ISO 10646), which allows representation of a great variety of languages and alphabets simultaneously in an application. MaxAuthor, from the University of Arizona, is another Windows-based authoring program for language testing and practice. It also supports a variety of languages, and lessons can be made Web-accessible. Internet Applications Although some testing applications have taken advantage of the availability of local area networks (particularly for storing scores centrally), the arrival of the World Wide Web in 1993 with its rich and powerful network environment provided a more attractive -- and ever more pervasive -- networking option. The Web offers the advantages of centralized delivery (and authentication) as well as server-based score storage and retrieval. Initially, the user experience with Web-based tests was not much different from pen and paper versions, with relatively little interactivity or user feedback. Some Web tests continue to use similar approaches with test scoring provided by e-mail or separate Web pages showing the answers (for the test taker to compare with his/her answers). The advantage of using the Web, however, is in the interactivity it enables. This is generally done through the use of Web form pages which are processed by CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripts, usually written in Perl. Tests delivered through CGI typically are in machine-correctable formats such as multiple choice or true-false, using checkboxes, radio buttons, or pull-down menus. Usually users must complete the entire test before submitting it and receiving feedback. In CGI-based formats, feedback options are limited and there is rarely recognition of partially correct answers. In 1995, Netscape introduced JavaScript as an interpreted scripting language built into its browser, using object-oriented syntax borrowed from Java. …" @default.
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• W152980785 date "2001-05-01" @default.
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• W152980785 title "EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Language Testing Tools and Technologies" @default.
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