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• W1532180908 abstract "The dipole–dipoledipole–dipole interaction is the longest-range interaction possible between two neutral atoms or molecules, and in atoms, which have no permanent moments, it is usually the transition dipole moments which are important. There are many consequences of the dipole–dipole interaction, ranging from photo-association to energy transferenergy transfer in biological molecules. Nowhere, however, is the effect of the dipole–dipole interaction displayed more clearly than in the interactions between Rydberg atoms having high principal quantum number n, whose dipole moments scale as n2. One of the attractions of Rydberg atoms is that it is possible to tune the Rydberg energy levels through resonance for the dipole–dipole energy transfer.energy transfer For example, in binary energy transfer collisionsenergy transfer collision resonances as narrow as 1 MHz have been observed. The cross-sections for these resonant collisions can be described very simply in terms of radio frequency spectroscopy and more formally as the evolution of pairs of two atom, or molecular, states. The latter description can be extended easily to the description of radiatively-assisted collisions, those in which the colliding pair of atoms emits or absorbs photons during the collision. The experimental investigations of binary resonant energy transferenergy transfer collision collisions between Rydberg atoms, including radiatively-assisted collisions, are described. Laser cooling has opened several new avenues of research using the dipole–dipole interactions of Rydberg atoms. It is straightforward to produce an atomic sample dense enough that the cold atoms move a few per cent of the typical interatomic spacing on the 1 μs time scale of a typical experiment. Thus, on the time scale of interest, the atoms are frozen in place, and their properties more closely resemble those of an amorphous solid than a gas. Since the atoms are essentially stationary, an atom can interact simultaneously with all its neighbors, and the interactions are no longer binary, but many-body interactions.many body interactions The experimental exploration of these interactions in a range of experiments is described. While the many-atom interactions are the new feature of cold atoms, binary interactions are also important. For example, the use of a dipole blockadedipole blockade as a quantum gate has been proposed, and several variants of partial or local blockades have been observed. Finally, the dipole–dipole interaction leads to an attractive or repulsive force between two atoms, so that even if the atoms are initially at rest, they can attract each other, collide, and ionize, initiating the evolution of a cold Rydberg gas into an ultracold plasma.ultracold plasma" @default.
• W1532180908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1532180908 creator A5009705247 @default.
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• W1532180908 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W1532180908 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W1532180908 title "Dipole–Dipole Interactions of Rydberg Atoms" @default.
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• W1532180908 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s1049-250x(08)00013-x" @default.
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