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• W1534817035 abstract "Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers Who Turned the Tide in the Second World War By Paul Kennedy [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In his new book, Engineers of Victory, Paul Kennedy has crafted a unique and lively history of the Second World War. His frequently incisive tale takes a different tack from the more traditional historical focus on the decisions of senior statesmen or military leaders. Instead of Masters and Commanders, the author narrows his scope to the often unknown middle-rank officers and government officials who resolved critical operational gaps with the key organizational or technological breakthroughs that made victory possible. In 1942, the sweeping strategic strokes laid down by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill represented more aspiration than executable plans. While the ends were clear, the means were not immediately at hand, and numerous shortfalls in capability were not yet even evident. Over a span of just a few years, enormous technological advances and organizational solutions were tested, refined, and fielded. Without such ways and means, the strategy of the Grand Alliance was mere paper. Long a student of grand strategy, Kennedy has held the Dilworth Professor of History at Yale for three decades. While well recognized for his broad strategic and historical work, including The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers and The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery, here the author confirms his ability to weave operational detail and the tools of war into a cohesive and reader-friendly assessment. While acknowledging that no single variable can explain success, Kennedy's underlying metanarrative is that wars are ultimately won by a superior organization imbued with a of innovation that actively encourages inquiry, experimentation, and interdisciplinary problem solving. Kennedy's thesis is succinctly captured: The most important variable of all, the creation of war-making systems that contained impressive feedback loops, flexibility, a capacity to learn from mistakes and a culture of encouragement that permitted the middlemen in this grinding conflict the freedom to experiment, to offer ideas and opinions and to cross traditional institutional boundaries. This variable is the intangible factor of strategic or organizational that was ultimately needed to bring about the explicit and unconditional victory sought by the Allies. This was the ghost in the machine that brought down the Axis. Kennedy's masterfully told story is arrayed across five distinct operational challenges, and largely within the early 1943 to late 1944 time period. The first case study involves the Battle of the Atlantic, which required relearning how to employ convoys to overcome the ruthless efficiency of Admiral Doenitz's U-boats. In 1942, the Allies had lost 6.3 million tons of shipping to U-boats, mainly off the coast of the United States. The introduction of convoy systems, intelligence, radar, capable escorts equipped with Sub-killing Hedgehogs, and determined commanders like Royal Navy Captain F. J. Walker won the one campaign that kept Winston Churchill awake at night. Once forces and their material could cross the ocean, Allied forces needed to command the air. Here Kennedy excoriates strategic bombing advocates and the obstinate thinking that continued to commit large numbers of crews at risk for little gain until the Allies learned how to suppress German air defenses. Here the principal story is how Ronnie Harker, a British test pilot, proposed the merger of the powerful Rolls-Royce Merlin engine with the anemic American P-51 Mustang, producing a superb escort fighter. The third case study addresses ground combat challenges, particularly the impact of German armored warfare. Kennedy naturally starts with the British battle against Rommel in North Africa, but he then reaches out to the Clash of Titans in the Eastern Front. …" @default.
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• W1534817035 date "2013-09-22" @default.
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• W1534817035 title "Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers Who Turned the Tide in the Second World War" @default.
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