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- W1535435451 abstract "Before the advent of insulin, few diabetic women lived to childbearing age. Before 1922, less than 100 pregnancies in diabetic women were reported; most likely these women had type 2 and not type 1 diabetes. Even with this assumption, these cases of diabetes and pregnancy were associated with a greater than 90% infant mortality rate and a 30% maternal mortality rate. As late as 1980, physicians were still counseling diabetic women to avoid pregnancy. This philosophy was justified because of the poor obstetric history in 30–50% of diabetic women. Decrease in infant mortality rates finally occurred after 1980, when treatment strategies stressed better control of maternal plasma glucose levels, once self blood glucose monitoring and glycosylated hemoglobin assays became available. As the pathophysiology of pregnancy complicated by diabetes has become better understood and as management programs have achieved and maintained near normoglycemia throughout pregnancy complicated by type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, perinatal mortality rates have almost decreased to levels seen in the general population. This review is intended to help the clinician understand the pathophysiology of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, along with the rationale for intensive treatment protocols designed to achieve and maintain normoglycemia. Therefore the clinician will be empowered to improve the outcome of all pregnancies complicated by diabetes.Keywords:pregnancy;diabetes;gestational diabetes mellitus;insulin treatment" @default.
- W1535435451 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1535435451 creator A5058696246 @default.
- W1535435451 date "2003-11-15" @default.
- W1535435451 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W1535435451 title "Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes" @default.
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- W1535435451 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/0470862092.d0811" @default.
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