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• W1536797002 abstract "The aging process influences cognitive and physical functioning through a variety of biological mechanisms. Multiple facets of cognitive function decline with age, including executive function, memory, language, visuomotor coordination, and information processing speed. Strong epidemiological trends show that areas of brain injury due to ischemic damage also increase with age. Areas of ischemic damage known as leukoaraiosis appear as hyperintense spots on MRI of the white matter of the brain. Leukoaraiosis is a strong predictor of ischemic stroke and vascular dementia, independent of other known risk factors (Markus et al., 2005). It is also strongly associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in individuals who have not yet progressed to dementia (Pantoni et al., 2007; Schmidt et al., 2007). Few studies have examined the genetic contribution to later-age cognitive changes in relationship to markers of subclinical ischemic brain injury such as leukoaraiosis. After increasing age, the main risk factors for leukoaraiosis are elevated blood pressure and lack of hypertension control (van Dijk et al., 2004). However, there is a significant amount of inter-individual variation in leukoaraiosis among subjects with similar duration and severity of hypertension (Schmidt et al., 2004; Szolnoki & Melegh, 2006). Cognitive functioning is also highly variable, and it is likely that genetic variability accounts for a significant portion of the variation in both structural characteristics of the brain such as leukoaraiosis and measures of cognitive function (Deary et al., 2004). In this chapter, we present a review of the biological mechanisms that influence leukoaraiosis and cognitive function, discuss the public health implications of the clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular disease, and explore the broad genetic attributes that explain inter-individual variation and covaraition (i.e., pleiotropy) among these brain traits." @default.
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• W1536797002 date "2012-03-23" @default.
• W1536797002 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1536797002 title "Shared Genetic Effects among Measures of Cognitive Function and Leukoaraiosis" @default.
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• W1536797002 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/27814" @default.
• W1536797002 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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