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• W1538335087 abstract "There are three basic requirements for food contact materials: substances that might endanger human health must not transfer from the packaging into food, the packaging must not impair the composition of the packaged product nor must it impair its sensory properties. The purpose of this work was to determine what potentially hazardous substances are present in paper and board packaging materials and whether these can migrate into food itself. For this purpose, it was necessary to develop several new methods of analysis for fiber materials, all of which were based on gas chromatography. Initially, several combinations of packaging/foodstuff were tested for compounds likely to migrate into food. Whenever significant amounts of such compounds were found, a test was performed to see whether the compounds could be transferred to a solid food simulant (Tenax, registered trademark for modified polyphenylene oxide resin). The final step was then to test whether the compounds migrated into the food wrapped in the packaging in question. Phthalates originating from adhesives and alkylbenzenes originating from printing inks showed significant migration into both Tenax and the foods tested. The migration test developed using Tenax and a closed migration vessel proved both feasible and useful, as the results corresponded well with real life migration of phthalates and alkylbenzenes. It is well known that migration accelerates with increasing temperature. Ovenable boards, which are used in microwave or conventional ovens at very high temperatures (up to around 200°C), demand migration tests different from those used for room temperature. Migration tests using Tenax at high temperature were easy to perform and satisfactorily simulated the actual use of food trays based on ovenable board. Both gravimetric overall migration and specific migration were determined. The overall migration from the samples was quite low. Consequently, it seemed that overall migration was not a limiting factor for high temperature use of the board. Compounds originating from the sizing agents used in the board’s manufacture were the main migrants. In addition to migration tests, methods were developed for testing barriers in food packaging materials. Spiking with model compounds followed by migration testing proved a promising way of developing a routine method for testing barriers. However, it is clear that a solid food simulant would be more feasible than the liquid simulants used at that time. Predictive migration models for polymers are already quite well established, but the inhomogeneity of fiber-based materials makes modeling difficult. Experiments on the diffusion of certain volatile compounds through laboratory kraft pulp sheets were compared with computer simulations. These simulations were based on random walk, and the fiber network structure was modeled explicitly. For each compound, diffusion constants in air were determined before studying diffusion through the sheets. These diffusion experiments were carried out using equipment built in-house in conjunction with gas chromatography. The major advantage of the random walk simulation created here is that it gives an estimate of the effective diffusion constant for the fiber network. For most of the compounds, experimental and simulation results agreed well. Both suggest that gas diffusion rate is very sensitive to sheet porosity." @default.
• W1538335087 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1538335087 creator A5059602328 @default.
• W1538335087 date "2001-10-01" @default.
• W1538335087 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1538335087 title "Migration of substances from paper and board food packaging materials" @default.
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